1. COMPOUND
MICROSCOPE
Mr. Govardhan Joshi

2. Microscope
• Microscope is the combination of two
words; "micro" meaning small and
"scope" meaning view.
• Compound deals with the microscope
having more than one lens.

4. History
• Optical
microscopes are
the oldest and
simplest of the
microscopes.
A 1879 Carl Zeiss Jena Optical microscope

5. The History
• Hans and Zacharias Janssen of Holland in the
59 ’s reated the first o pou d i ros ope
• Anthony van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke
made improvements by working on the lenses
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek Hooke Microscope Robert Hooke

6. The History
Zacharias Jansen The First Mi ros ope

7. DiagramShowingLight
TravelingThrough The
Microscope

8. Parts of Microscope

9. Parts and function of
Microscope
Mechanical supporting system
Optical system
Illumination system
Adjustment system

10. Mechanical supporting system
• Base: Support microscope
• Arm: Supports the tube and connects it to the base
• Revolving nose piece/ turret: holds two or more objective
lenses and can be rotated to easily change power
• Stage: horizontal platform with central opening
• Mechanical stage: gives controlled movement to the object on
the slide

11. Optical system
• Objective:
• one or more lens held in the position by hollow metal cylinder
• Magnify the object
• They almost always consist of
• 4X- scanning objective
• 10X- low power objective
• 40X- high power objective- retractable
• 100X- oil immersion objective- retractable
• Eyepiece:
• Consist of upper eye lens and lower field lens
• They are usually 10X or 15X power

12. Illumination system
• Source of light: day light and electric light
• Mirror:
• Reflect light rays from light source to object
• One side is concave and other side is plane
• Concave mirror- used for near light source
• Plane mirror- used for distant source of lighted day light
• Condenser: focus the light onto the specimen
• Diaphragm: used to regulate amount of light passing into the
condenser
• Filter: contain blue and white filter below condenser

13. Adjustment system
• Coarse adjustment: raises / lowers stage to bring image into
focus
• Fine adjustment: brings image into sharp focus

14. Other parts
• Power Switch
• Stage Clips
• Stage Stop
• Stage adjustment
• Condenser adjustment
• Rheostat control knob

15. Use of microscope
Principle:
A focused beam of light passes through the
material under study into the microscope.
Parts of the specimen that are optically
dense and having high refractive index or
are colored when stain cast a potential
shadow which is magnified in to main stage
as it passes into the o server’s eye.

16. Focusing under low power
• Put the slide on the stage and bring specimen over central
aperture
• Lower the condenser and partly close the diaphragm
• Focus the object using coarse adjustment
• Use fine adjustment as required

17. Focusing under high power
• Rotate the nose piece to high power
• Adjust the condenser and open the diaphragm to admit
enough light
• Use fine adjustment as required

18. Focusing under oil immersion
• Focus the object first under low power
• Rotate nose piece to oil immersion objective
• Raise the condenser completely
• Open the iris diaphragm
• Keep a drop of immersion oil
• Use fine adjustment as required