Precision agriculture (PA) / Satellite farming (SF) or Site specific crop management (SSCM) is based on: observing, measuring and responding to inter and intra-field variability in crops. Learn More.

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2. PRECISION FARMING
Past – Present - Future
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3. About Precision Farming
• Precision agriculture (PA) also called Satellite farming (SF) OR Site specific crop management (SSCM).
• Based on : observing, measuring and responding to inter and intra-field variability in crops.
• Identifies critical factors where yield is limited by controllable factors and determines intrinsic variability.
• Record variations in crop or soil properties within a field which forms the basis for taking management
decisions.
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4. Why do we need Precision Farming
• Increased Land degradation.
• Depletion of Water resources.
• Reduced availability of labour.
• Better management of large scale crops.
• Socio economic need for enhanced productivity
• Minimum use of land, water and time.
• To reduce environment pollution due to use of fertilizers and chemicals.
• Alleviate poverty by enhancing quality of life and attaining food security.
• Need for a technology enabled revolution to convert 2/3rd of the arable rain fed land for greater
productivity.
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5. Challenges on Implementing PF
• Lack of technical knowledge and technological expertise.
• Small plots or clusters of land.
• Higher costs in fetching PF systems.
• Poor penetration to Internet availability.
• Illiteracy rate high in the country.
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6. How is it done?
Remote and In-field Sensing
Satellite Imagery
Aerial Photography
Electrical Conductivity (EC)
In-field Infrared
Chlorophyll Meters
Crop Height Monitoring
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7. Satellite Imagery
• Spectral imagery from satellite.
• Not available to every one due to legal regulations or protected by law.
• Cost for purchasing the images from satellite service providers is high.
• Not precise and real time data not available.
• Images will be shot at different times.
• Outdated images will be provided – real time capturing not feasible.
• Distortion may happen due to clouds or other factors.
• Moving satellites from time to time and from place to place with
respect to requirements is not feasible.
• Targets cannot be locked for multiple locations using satellite.
• Data cannot be fetched as and when required by farmers.
• Cost of establishment and maintenance for regular is too high.
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8. Photogammetry with UAV
• Real time geographic area modelling- terrain can be
modelled on a computer as such.
• Aerial surveying provides data related to:
Degradation / Erosion of soil
Extend of pollution
Data on growth / degradation of crops
• Deriving the geographic pattern in 2D/3D for terrain
analysis and planning.
• Simulated video generation from terrain analysis for
crop investigative purposes.
• Flood detection, crop cultivation and management,
accident recreation etc. can be done.
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9. • Comparatively lower cost with respect to satellite
imagery.
• Flight chart can be configured manually in
accordance with the needs.
• Anytime change in flight paths.
• Concentrating a particular area for any number of
time and for many hours/days possible.
• No limits or separate access fee required compared
to satellite feeds.
• No Govt. orders or sanctions required.
• Effective use of Artificial intelligence makes data
delivery in real time.
• Real time monitoring of data and maps.
• Generates Orthomosaic and 3D models for extraction
of data outputs.
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10. SIFT Feature Extraction
• SIFT – Scale Invariant Feature Transform is an algorithm to
detect and describe local features in images.
• It describes an object by taking points on it and then use
those characteristics to locate the object from a group of
moving objects.
• Used in :
Object recognition,
Robotic mapping,
Navigation,
Image stitching for mapping,
3D modelling,
Gesture recognition,
Video tracking,
Match moving etc.
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11. • Image stitching – means combining multiple
photos with overlapping fields to produce a
panoramic HD/3D view.
• Applied in MEDICAL IMAGING.
• Video Tracking - Locating a moving object and
tracking its course using a camera.
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12. RANSAC Outlier Detection
• Estimates parameters of a mathematical model from a
set of observed data which contains a model parameter.
• A model parameter will be established and the result of
aerial observation will be cross checked with this model
to find erroneous measurements or incorrect hypothesis.
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13. • Used to solve LDP(Location Determination
Problem) where the use is to determine the
points in space that project on to an image into
a set of landmarks with known locations.
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14. AFFINE Transformation Technique
Affine transformation is used to correct for geometric
distortions or deformations that occur with non-ideal
camera angles.
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15. GEMS & Multispectral Imaging
• State of the art air-vehicle
camera for collecting
visible and near infrared
imagery for precision
agriculture
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16. To bring a change ?
• Co-operative movement in agriculture.
• Co-operative markets.
• Farmer Clubs.
• Pilot projects.
• Intrinsic research and adaptation of technical knowhow from other countries.
• Government initiation and promotion for smart technology on field.
• On field training and trainers on pan country scene.
• Regulations in Rules and Acts. (Use of Drones and Satellite Imagery is prohibited)
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17. Advantages
• Increase in productivity using frontier technologies without damaging the quality of land and water
• Pan nation wide techno-green revolution as the need of the hour.
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