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Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Recent Advances in the Integration of Single-Use
Bioprocessing Technologies for Cell Therapies
Fabien Moncaubeig
Sr Application Specialist
Cell Culture Lab Associate
fmoncaubeig@atmi.com
3rd ISBiotech Annual Meeting
March 11-15, 2013 - Rosslyn, Virginia, USA
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
2
Who is ATMI LifeSciences?
Single-Use Technology (SUT) Market
Pro/Cons & new approaches
Cell Therapy
Definition
The market
Learning from our customers
ATMI solution: Integrity® Xpansion™ Multiplate bioreactor
Case studies & valude model
Conclusions
OUTLINE
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Who is ATMI LifeSciences?
Sterilizable Packaging (NewformTM)
Integrity® Liquid and Powder Vessels
Integrity® Mixing Systems
Integrity® Bioreactors
Integrity® line of single-use technologies
Tech transfer to your facility or to your CMO
PD Services / Support implementation of our technologies
PD for New Bioreactor development
Application & Development Center
ATMI has two Applications & Development centers (US &
Belgium) :
Fully equipped clean rooms. BL2 and BL3 GMP-
grade suites, Class 10,000 (ISO7) environment
45 experienced team including Engineers &
Bioengineers
ATMI LifeSciences strives to be the source of BioPharm process efficiency by providing comprehensive disposable
solutions (technologies & support services)
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Who is ATMI LifeSciences?
ATMI LifeSciences strives to be the source of BioPharm process efficiency by providing comprehensive disposable
solutions that maximize product yield and integrity.
Product designs:
Innovative and effective solutions
ATMI hardware & disposable components
designed for full integration
Quality:
Integrity® TK8 “One-Film” is best of breed &
reduces validation costs
Class 5 vessel manufacturing facilities reduce
particle load
Industry’s most stringent & sensitive integrity
testing reduces contamination risk
Supply chain security
Vertical integration of clean film extrusion
Duplicate facilities & experienced global
supply chain
ATMI LifeSciences added-value
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Growth Estimate
Biotherapeutics/Upstream +107%
Total SUT market +330%
Single-Use Technology Market
Upstream Single-Use Bioprocessing Systems - Ronald A. Rader, Eric S. Langer
BioProcess International, Vol. 10, No. 2, February 2012, pp. 12–19
WE KNOW THAT
The single-use technology market is currently booming with estimated growth of 330% over the last 5 years
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Single-Use Value Proposition
IPTonline © 2004 The Pharmaceutical Technology Journal
Beyond the bioreactor: exploiting the full potential of Single-Use Technology
Paul Chapman and Mani Krishnan (Millipore)
WE KNOW THAT
Decrease capital, labor & operating
costs
Flexibility in design and ease of
integration
Eliminate cleaning and sterilization
Decrease build-out time and time to
market
Reduce risk of cross-contamination
and microbial contamination
Supply chain security
SUT claims
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
What is really driving/limitating SUT adoption ?
Jan 15, 2013 (Vol. 33, No. 2) - Single-Use Systems Entice Multiple Users
Angelo DePalma, Ph.D.
$$$
Limit CAPEX
Equivalent or lower COGS
Flexibility
Same room can welcome different scales or
technologies
CMO = early adopter
Disposable customization= Fast response to
change
Increased capacity
Drivers of SUT adoption Limitating factors to SUT adoption
Limited Scale
Current limitations of bags/bioreactor volumes
= 2000 to 3000 L
Supplyer-dependence
Supply chain security
Double sourcing
Outsourced Quality
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
SUT Pros & Cons led to hybrid/new approaches
SUT
Stainless
Steel
R&D + clinical
production
Small scale
production
(<1000L)
Large scale
production /
Dedicated facility
The application of disposable single use equipment, and it’s
impact on biopharma plant design – Andy Rayner – PM Group
Fully single-use facilities are mostly considered at R&D & clinical scales. When increasing scales, manufacturers
tend to implement hybrid solutions.
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
“Deployment of various stem cell classes for the explicit use in the restoration
of a given physiological function in vivo that has been damaged by disease
or injury processes”*
* Nov 1, 2012 (Vol. 32, No. 19) - Cellular Therapy Wave Finally Cresting - Lee Buckler, J.D., Enal Razvi, Ph.D.
Cell therapy - Definition
Immunotherapy
Stem cells as a tool for
drug discoveryCell therapy
Allogeneic Autologous
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
10
Cell Therapy Market
Market maturity
Gene
therapy
Cell therapy
MAbs
Vaccines
Revenue
$550 Million in revenue in 2012*
Mainly from orthopedic and skin
applications
* Nov 1, 2012 (Vol. 32, No. 19) - Cellular Therapy Wave Finally Cresting - Lee Buckler, J.D., Enal Razvi, Ph.D.
The cell therapy market is emerging and reached $550 Million revenue in 2012.
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Cell Therapy Market
Cell therapies can be autologous (the donor is the patient) or allogeneic (multiple patients/donor). With many
applications, this makes it a complex market with many different business models.
AUTOLOGOUS ALLOGENEIC
Service oriented
SME business model
Product oriented
Big Pharma business model
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Cell therapy constraints:
Sterile process (no final filtration)
Limited investment capacity (SME VS Big pharma)
Autologous therapies:
High risk of cross contamination
Process variability due to donor variety
Cell Therapy Market
Cell therapy constraints have different weights than in the Biopharma industry making the SUTs adopted from the
beginning.
BIOPHARMA CELL THERAPY
Large Scale limitation
Supplier dependence
Flexibility
CAPEX
Cross contamination risk
Stainless Steel SUT
Stainless Steel SUT
Large Scale limitation
Supplier dependence
Flexibility
CAPEX
Cross contamination risk
Hybrid approach (SS + SUT) Full Single-Use approach
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Washing Harvest
Waste
Cryopreservation
solution
Rinsing
Detachment
Washing
Multiple passages
of Amplification
Final
container
for
treatment
Media
Media
Waste
Cell
harvest
Concentration
device
Initial
sample
Primary cell
culture
Cell concentration
and formulation
Cell expansionCell Preparation,
Isolation
Current processes are already “single use” but scalable cell amplification tools are missing
Cell Therapy Market
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Washing Harvest
Waste
Cryopreservation
solution
Rinsing
Detachment
Washing
Multiple passages
of Amplification
Final
container
for
treatment
Media
Media
Waste
Cell
harvest
Concentration
device
Initial
sample
Primary cell
culture
Cell concentration
and formulation
Cell expansionCell Preparation,
Isolation
Current processes are already “single use” but scalable cell amplification tools are missing
Cell Therapy Market
No technology gap
SUT available
Large Scale technology gap
(Single use or not)
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Reason why there is a technology gap for stem cell production is related to the nature of the cells
Your process = Your product
Has never been so true !
Stem Cells growth conditions are more stringent than immortalized
cell lines.
Additional parameters impacting product (cell) quality:
Shear stress 1
2D VS 3D growth 2
Growth Surface Material 3
Need for a new type of bioreactor
1: Biotechnol Bioeng. 2007 Feb 15;96(3):584-95. - Effects of shear stress on 3-D human mesenchymal stem cell construct development in
a perfusion bioreactor system: Experiments and hydrodynamic modeling. - Zhao F, Chella R, Ma T.
2: Tissue Eng Part A. 2009 Jul;15(7):1763-73. doi: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0306. - Phenotype and gene expression of human mesenchymal
stem cells in alginate scaffolds. - Duggal S, Frønsdal KB, Szöke K, Shahdadfar A, Melvik JE, Brinchmann JE.
3: Acta Biomater. 2013 Feb 26. pii: S1742-7061(13)00105-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.02.035. - Why the dish makes a difference:
Quantitative comparison of polystyrene culture surfaces. - Zeiger AS, Hinton B, Van Vliet KJ.
Cell Therapy Market
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Learning from our Customers
“I want a compact bioreactor that enables to replace
20 CS10”
in a fully closed system
with a controlled process (pH, DO, Temp.)
enabling cell confluence monitoring
and keeping the same microenvironment for
cell growth
Very low shear stress
Same contact material
2D surface
ATMI customer requests
Back in 2009, ATMI LifeSciences was approached to develop a bioreactor solution to enable the scale-up of
their processes.
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
17
Xpansion bioreactor design limits cell environment change while being compact, closed and controlled
ATMI solution: Integrity® Xpansion™ Multiplate bioreactor
Drivers of SUT adoption
Closed system
Compact stack of polystyrene
plates
1 Xpansion plate (612cm²):
Hydrophilized Polystyrene
material
pH and DO control through gas
exchange
Controlled shear stress
Media circulation in the
bioreactor
Laminar flow evenly distributed
Constant linear speed during
culture
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
ATMI solution: Integrity® Xpansion™ Multiplate bioreactor
Xpansion bioreactor design limits cell environment change while being compact, closed and controlled
http://www.atmi.com/lifesciences/products/bioreactors/xpansion.html
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
19
Q=25L.h-1
vx, Linear
speed
(m.s-1)
ATMI solution: Integrity® Xpansion™ Multiplate bioreactor
Xpansion bioreactor design guarantees equivalent shear stress in the entire bioreactor.
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Xpansion 10
Xpansion 180*
0
2
4
6
8
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280
Linearspeed-mm/s
Stirring speed - RPM
1mm/s = cst during scale-up
*Xpansion 180 is no more available and has been replaced by Xpansion 200
ATMI solution: Integrity® Xpansion™ Multiplate bioreactor
Keeping the shear stress constant while scaling up guarantees the same microenvironment.
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Learning from our Customers
In theory, Xpansion multiplate bioreactor is a fantastic concept. In practice, is it efficient?
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Many stem cell types have been successfully cultivated in Xpansion
* undifferentiated iPSC amplification in XP10 - Successful proof of concept – presented at ECI Jan
2013 San-Diego
Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Studies
Cardiac lineage committed
mesenchymal stem cells
Undifferentiated iPSC*
Mesenchymal Stem Cells from
Bone Marrow (BMSC)
Human Heterologous Adult Liver
Progenitor Cells (ADHLSCs)
… Non public
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
A comparative case study with Mesenchymal Stem Cells was independently performed by Lonza
Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #1
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
A comparative case study with Mesenchymal Stem Cells was independently performed by Lonza : Xpansion
Multiplate bioreactor was directly compared to CF10.
Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #1
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
A comparative case study with Mesenchymal Stem Cells : Comparable yields as from the first runs with
minimum process adaptation required
Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #1
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Cell quality was similar in both vessels Cytokine levels, immunoregulatory response and flow markers were
similar
Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #1
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Finally, BMSC density and quality were equivalent in both systems
Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #1
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
28
Belgium Biotech company
Cell therapy product to treat children suffering from serious congenital
metabolic liver diseases.
HepaStem: human heterologous adult liver progenitor cells (ADHLSCs)
isolated from healthy human livers.
Phase I/II clinical trials treatment of Crigler Najjar (CN) and Urea cycle
disorders (UCD) in a pediatric setting
Using Corning CellBind treated CellStacks
Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #2
Promethera case study relates to the scale-up allogeneic production to support clinical phase and early
commercialization of their therapy.
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
THAWING OF LIVER CELLS
P0: 20 T175
P1: 2 T175
P2: 1CS2
P3: 4CS10
P4: 5CS10 P4: 5CS10
P5: 15CS10 P5: 15CS10
HARVEST HARVEST
CRYOPRESERVATION OF
Drug Substance
Current manufacturing process Phase I/II : OPEN process, involving lots of
aseptic steps.
Manufacturing Status
• Fully open aseptic (class A) process from raw
materials to cryopreserved drug substance
• Major costs attributed to production raw
materials & quality control testing
• 80 batches/year suitable for clinical phases on
low number of patients
BioProcessInternational online webinar – “Enabling Cell Therapy: Case Study on Scaling-Up Allogeneic Stem Cell Manufacturing From Multi-Tray Stacks To Xpansion™ Multiplate Bioreactor. “
Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #2
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
QC tests
Viability at harvest 97% 98,7% 99%
FACS Pass Pass Pass
ICC Pass Pass Pass
Morphology Pass Pass Pass
Activity of CYP3A4 Pass Pass Pass
Urea secretion Pass Pass Pass
Bilirubin
conjugation
Pass Pass Pass
30
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Xpansion 10 Xpansion 50 Xpansion 180
%ofcelldensity
VSCS2control
Xpansion
CS2 CTRL
Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #2
Cell density and quality were equivalent to control at all scale
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
31
pH, DO and Temp trends in Xpansion multiplate bioreactor 10 and 180 plates
Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #2
DO and pH trends were similar at small and large scales
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
32
6 months to succesfully Transfer a Cellstack10 process
to Xpansion and scale it up to 180 plates (110,000cm²).
Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #2
Conclusion from the case study: The Xpansion bioreactor design led to fast transfer and scale up of the initial 2D
process
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
€ 0
€ 5
€ 10
€ 15
€ 20
€ 25
€ 30
€ 35
Millions
33
Traditional technologies
20 CS10/batch
Xpansion
NOT VIABLE
NOT FEASIBLE
1 Xpansion/batch
200 aseptic
Operations/batch
=2000 operations/day
5738sq/m
x 511 incubators
x 84 biocabinets
ENABLING
TECHNOLOGY
* Operators, QA/QC, supervisor, Planning Logistics
377
2050sq/m (-65%)
x 89 incubators
x 3 biocabinets
111 (-62%)
NO aseptic
operations
€ 0
€ 5
€ 10
€ 15
€ 20
€ 25
Thousands
Autologous process 3000patients/year
# FTE*
Building surface & Equipement
(-40%)
(-50%)
Capex
Opex
Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor – Cost Model
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
How will we fill the gap for large scale productions?
Sept. 2012 - ISCT webinar: Best Practices in Cell Therapy Process Development - Jon
Rowley Chair, ISCT Process & Product Development Committee
Conclusions
1000
100
10
1
2006 2009 2012 2015
Current
Platforms
LotSize,billions/lot
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Conclusions
Cell therapy market = variety of business models
SUT already established as a standard but need to be more
“closed” for Phase III or commercial productions.
Technology gap for cell amplification step !
Integrity Xpansion multiplate bioreactor = enabling technology
Proven concept now
Generates the same cells than CF10 in the same quantities while
being more compact and controlled
CONCLUSIONS
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Thank you
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Xpansion bioreactors : compact design
37
Xpansion MPB-
10
Xpansion MPB-
50
Xpansion MPB-
100
Xpansion MPB-
200
# of plates
10 50 100 200
Growth Surface
Area 6120 cm² 30600 cm² 61200 cm² 122400 cm²
Media working
volume 1,6L 5,6L 11,2L 21,9L
Size 29 cm (11.4 '') 47 cm (18.5 '') 55 cm (21.6 '') 81 cm (31.9 '')
Multitray 10-stack
equivalent 1 5 10 20
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.*Nov 1, 2012 (Vol. 32, No. 19) - Cellular Therapy Wave Finally Cresting - Lee Buckler, J.D., Enal Razvi, Ph.D.
Cell therapy market is complex with different business
models
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
39
Cost of Goods
Scaling-up with Xpansion™ multiplate bioreactor : Cost of Goods Evaluation & Results.
Increased yields
Decreased
workload
Quality control
Non-aseptic
environment
• For equivalent FTE /batch, higher yields were achieved (x24)
• Fully closed and controlled system results in 80% reduction on QC per billion cells
produced
• Closed system offered by ATMI include bags for media & reagents – cost savings
compared to bottles
Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #2
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Consistency in DO trends on consecutive passages
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Cell layer homogeneity was checked on every (180)
plate and showed to be equivalent to control
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
42
Value proposition
In addition, XpansionTM has a significant impact on CoGs
ATMI has a cost modeling tool that
considers:
Process steps,
process variability from batch to
batch
Process-related equipment, footprint,
level of CR classification
ATMI can implement specific
assumptions to model specific cases
Implementation of a closed system
combined with a bioreactor leads to:
to >40% cost REDUCTION of CoGs
Consistent dramatic decrease of
level of investment, by 60-70%
There is NO general rule, but
categories of processes and
applications
Process steps
Batch 1 Batch 2 Batch N
Process variability (PDL)
# FTE # FTE # FTE
# consumables # consumables # consumables
# equipments # equipments # equipments
# FTE # equipment # consumables
Building
COGs
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Shear stress chart [mPa] on surface at 30L/h
Plate 5
Plate 9
Plate 13
Plate 15
mPa
%
43
ATMI & Stem Cells manufacturing
Xpansion bioreactor technology
On 90% of the surface, shear stress is lower than 6mN/m²,
To be compared with mammalian cells agitated bioreactor,
where shear is in the range of 1-5N/m²
Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
ATMI & Stem Cells manufacturing
Xpansion bioreactor technology
Numerical simulation highlighted evenly-
distributed media circulation through Xpansion
plates . Pathlines colored by time (s).
44
Design optimization by CFD analysis
and physical characterization:
Angle in between slots vs # slots
Laminar tangential flow
Overall circulation is axial
Homogeneous distribution
Very low shear stress generated
kLA, mixing times, circulation times
CFD helped to fix design, validation
by experimental plans

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Recent Advances In The Integration Of Single Use Bioprocessing Technologies For Cell Therapies

  • 1. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Recent Advances in the Integration of Single-Use Bioprocessing Technologies for Cell Therapies Fabien Moncaubeig Sr Application Specialist Cell Culture Lab Associate fmoncaubeig@atmi.com 3rd ISBiotech Annual Meeting March 11-15, 2013 - Rosslyn, Virginia, USA
  • 2. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 2 Who is ATMI LifeSciences? Single-Use Technology (SUT) Market Pro/Cons & new approaches Cell Therapy Definition The market Learning from our customers ATMI solution: Integrity® Xpansion™ Multiplate bioreactor Case studies & valude model Conclusions OUTLINE
  • 3. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Who is ATMI LifeSciences? Sterilizable Packaging (NewformTM) Integrity® Liquid and Powder Vessels Integrity® Mixing Systems Integrity® Bioreactors Integrity® line of single-use technologies Tech transfer to your facility or to your CMO PD Services / Support implementation of our technologies PD for New Bioreactor development Application & Development Center ATMI has two Applications & Development centers (US & Belgium) : Fully equipped clean rooms. BL2 and BL3 GMP- grade suites, Class 10,000 (ISO7) environment 45 experienced team including Engineers & Bioengineers ATMI LifeSciences strives to be the source of BioPharm process efficiency by providing comprehensive disposable solutions (technologies & support services)
  • 4. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Who is ATMI LifeSciences? ATMI LifeSciences strives to be the source of BioPharm process efficiency by providing comprehensive disposable solutions that maximize product yield and integrity. Product designs: Innovative and effective solutions ATMI hardware & disposable components designed for full integration Quality: Integrity® TK8 “One-Film” is best of breed & reduces validation costs Class 5 vessel manufacturing facilities reduce particle load Industry’s most stringent & sensitive integrity testing reduces contamination risk Supply chain security Vertical integration of clean film extrusion Duplicate facilities & experienced global supply chain ATMI LifeSciences added-value
  • 5. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Growth Estimate Biotherapeutics/Upstream +107% Total SUT market +330% Single-Use Technology Market Upstream Single-Use Bioprocessing Systems - Ronald A. Rader, Eric S. Langer BioProcess International, Vol. 10, No. 2, February 2012, pp. 12–19 WE KNOW THAT The single-use technology market is currently booming with estimated growth of 330% over the last 5 years
  • 6. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Single-Use Value Proposition IPTonline © 2004 The Pharmaceutical Technology Journal Beyond the bioreactor: exploiting the full potential of Single-Use Technology Paul Chapman and Mani Krishnan (Millipore) WE KNOW THAT Decrease capital, labor & operating costs Flexibility in design and ease of integration Eliminate cleaning and sterilization Decrease build-out time and time to market Reduce risk of cross-contamination and microbial contamination Supply chain security SUT claims
  • 7. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. What is really driving/limitating SUT adoption ? Jan 15, 2013 (Vol. 33, No. 2) - Single-Use Systems Entice Multiple Users Angelo DePalma, Ph.D. $$$ Limit CAPEX Equivalent or lower COGS Flexibility Same room can welcome different scales or technologies CMO = early adopter Disposable customization= Fast response to change Increased capacity Drivers of SUT adoption Limitating factors to SUT adoption Limited Scale Current limitations of bags/bioreactor volumes = 2000 to 3000 L Supplyer-dependence Supply chain security Double sourcing Outsourced Quality
  • 8. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. SUT Pros & Cons led to hybrid/new approaches SUT Stainless Steel R&D + clinical production Small scale production (<1000L) Large scale production / Dedicated facility The application of disposable single use equipment, and it’s impact on biopharma plant design – Andy Rayner – PM Group Fully single-use facilities are mostly considered at R&D & clinical scales. When increasing scales, manufacturers tend to implement hybrid solutions.
  • 9. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. “Deployment of various stem cell classes for the explicit use in the restoration of a given physiological function in vivo that has been damaged by disease or injury processes”* * Nov 1, 2012 (Vol. 32, No. 19) - Cellular Therapy Wave Finally Cresting - Lee Buckler, J.D., Enal Razvi, Ph.D. Cell therapy - Definition Immunotherapy Stem cells as a tool for drug discoveryCell therapy Allogeneic Autologous
  • 10. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 10 Cell Therapy Market Market maturity Gene therapy Cell therapy MAbs Vaccines Revenue $550 Million in revenue in 2012* Mainly from orthopedic and skin applications * Nov 1, 2012 (Vol. 32, No. 19) - Cellular Therapy Wave Finally Cresting - Lee Buckler, J.D., Enal Razvi, Ph.D. The cell therapy market is emerging and reached $550 Million revenue in 2012.
  • 11. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Cell Therapy Market Cell therapies can be autologous (the donor is the patient) or allogeneic (multiple patients/donor). With many applications, this makes it a complex market with many different business models. AUTOLOGOUS ALLOGENEIC Service oriented SME business model Product oriented Big Pharma business model
  • 12. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Cell therapy constraints: Sterile process (no final filtration) Limited investment capacity (SME VS Big pharma) Autologous therapies: High risk of cross contamination Process variability due to donor variety Cell Therapy Market Cell therapy constraints have different weights than in the Biopharma industry making the SUTs adopted from the beginning. BIOPHARMA CELL THERAPY Large Scale limitation Supplier dependence Flexibility CAPEX Cross contamination risk Stainless Steel SUT Stainless Steel SUT Large Scale limitation Supplier dependence Flexibility CAPEX Cross contamination risk Hybrid approach (SS + SUT) Full Single-Use approach
  • 13. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Washing Harvest Waste Cryopreservation solution Rinsing Detachment Washing Multiple passages of Amplification Final container for treatment Media Media Waste Cell harvest Concentration device Initial sample Primary cell culture Cell concentration and formulation Cell expansionCell Preparation, Isolation Current processes are already “single use” but scalable cell amplification tools are missing Cell Therapy Market
  • 14. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Washing Harvest Waste Cryopreservation solution Rinsing Detachment Washing Multiple passages of Amplification Final container for treatment Media Media Waste Cell harvest Concentration device Initial sample Primary cell culture Cell concentration and formulation Cell expansionCell Preparation, Isolation Current processes are already “single use” but scalable cell amplification tools are missing Cell Therapy Market No technology gap SUT available Large Scale technology gap (Single use or not)
  • 15. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Reason why there is a technology gap for stem cell production is related to the nature of the cells Your process = Your product Has never been so true ! Stem Cells growth conditions are more stringent than immortalized cell lines. Additional parameters impacting product (cell) quality: Shear stress 1 2D VS 3D growth 2 Growth Surface Material 3 Need for a new type of bioreactor 1: Biotechnol Bioeng. 2007 Feb 15;96(3):584-95. - Effects of shear stress on 3-D human mesenchymal stem cell construct development in a perfusion bioreactor system: Experiments and hydrodynamic modeling. - Zhao F, Chella R, Ma T. 2: Tissue Eng Part A. 2009 Jul;15(7):1763-73. doi: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0306. - Phenotype and gene expression of human mesenchymal stem cells in alginate scaffolds. - Duggal S, Frønsdal KB, Szöke K, Shahdadfar A, Melvik JE, Brinchmann JE. 3: Acta Biomater. 2013 Feb 26. pii: S1742-7061(13)00105-0. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.02.035. - Why the dish makes a difference: Quantitative comparison of polystyrene culture surfaces. - Zeiger AS, Hinton B, Van Vliet KJ. Cell Therapy Market
  • 16. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Learning from our Customers “I want a compact bioreactor that enables to replace 20 CS10” in a fully closed system with a controlled process (pH, DO, Temp.) enabling cell confluence monitoring and keeping the same microenvironment for cell growth Very low shear stress Same contact material 2D surface ATMI customer requests Back in 2009, ATMI LifeSciences was approached to develop a bioreactor solution to enable the scale-up of their processes.
  • 17. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 17 Xpansion bioreactor design limits cell environment change while being compact, closed and controlled ATMI solution: Integrity® Xpansion™ Multiplate bioreactor Drivers of SUT adoption Closed system Compact stack of polystyrene plates 1 Xpansion plate (612cm²): Hydrophilized Polystyrene material pH and DO control through gas exchange Controlled shear stress Media circulation in the bioreactor Laminar flow evenly distributed Constant linear speed during culture
  • 18. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ATMI solution: Integrity® Xpansion™ Multiplate bioreactor Xpansion bioreactor design limits cell environment change while being compact, closed and controlled http://www.atmi.com/lifesciences/products/bioreactors/xpansion.html
  • 19. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 19 Q=25L.h-1 vx, Linear speed (m.s-1) ATMI solution: Integrity® Xpansion™ Multiplate bioreactor Xpansion bioreactor design guarantees equivalent shear stress in the entire bioreactor.
  • 20. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Xpansion 10 Xpansion 180* 0 2 4 6 8 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 Linearspeed-mm/s Stirring speed - RPM 1mm/s = cst during scale-up *Xpansion 180 is no more available and has been replaced by Xpansion 200 ATMI solution: Integrity® Xpansion™ Multiplate bioreactor Keeping the shear stress constant while scaling up guarantees the same microenvironment.
  • 21. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Learning from our Customers In theory, Xpansion multiplate bioreactor is a fantastic concept. In practice, is it efficient?
  • 22. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Many stem cell types have been successfully cultivated in Xpansion * undifferentiated iPSC amplification in XP10 - Successful proof of concept – presented at ECI Jan 2013 San-Diego Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Studies Cardiac lineage committed mesenchymal stem cells Undifferentiated iPSC* Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Bone Marrow (BMSC) Human Heterologous Adult Liver Progenitor Cells (ADHLSCs) … Non public
  • 23. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. A comparative case study with Mesenchymal Stem Cells was independently performed by Lonza Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #1
  • 24. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. A comparative case study with Mesenchymal Stem Cells was independently performed by Lonza : Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor was directly compared to CF10. Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #1
  • 25. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. A comparative case study with Mesenchymal Stem Cells : Comparable yields as from the first runs with minimum process adaptation required Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #1
  • 26. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Cell quality was similar in both vessels Cytokine levels, immunoregulatory response and flow markers were similar Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #1
  • 27. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Finally, BMSC density and quality were equivalent in both systems Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #1
  • 28. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 28 Belgium Biotech company Cell therapy product to treat children suffering from serious congenital metabolic liver diseases. HepaStem: human heterologous adult liver progenitor cells (ADHLSCs) isolated from healthy human livers. Phase I/II clinical trials treatment of Crigler Najjar (CN) and Urea cycle disorders (UCD) in a pediatric setting Using Corning CellBind treated CellStacks Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #2 Promethera case study relates to the scale-up allogeneic production to support clinical phase and early commercialization of their therapy.
  • 29. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. THAWING OF LIVER CELLS P0: 20 T175 P1: 2 T175 P2: 1CS2 P3: 4CS10 P4: 5CS10 P4: 5CS10 P5: 15CS10 P5: 15CS10 HARVEST HARVEST CRYOPRESERVATION OF Drug Substance Current manufacturing process Phase I/II : OPEN process, involving lots of aseptic steps. Manufacturing Status • Fully open aseptic (class A) process from raw materials to cryopreserved drug substance • Major costs attributed to production raw materials & quality control testing • 80 batches/year suitable for clinical phases on low number of patients BioProcessInternational online webinar – “Enabling Cell Therapy: Case Study on Scaling-Up Allogeneic Stem Cell Manufacturing From Multi-Tray Stacks To Xpansion™ Multiplate Bioreactor. “ Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #2
  • 30. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. QC tests Viability at harvest 97% 98,7% 99% FACS Pass Pass Pass ICC Pass Pass Pass Morphology Pass Pass Pass Activity of CYP3A4 Pass Pass Pass Urea secretion Pass Pass Pass Bilirubin conjugation Pass Pass Pass 30 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Xpansion 10 Xpansion 50 Xpansion 180 %ofcelldensity VSCS2control Xpansion CS2 CTRL Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #2 Cell density and quality were equivalent to control at all scale
  • 31. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 31 pH, DO and Temp trends in Xpansion multiplate bioreactor 10 and 180 plates Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #2 DO and pH trends were similar at small and large scales
  • 32. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 32 6 months to succesfully Transfer a Cellstack10 process to Xpansion and scale it up to 180 plates (110,000cm²). Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #2 Conclusion from the case study: The Xpansion bioreactor design led to fast transfer and scale up of the initial 2D process
  • 33. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. € 0 € 5 € 10 € 15 € 20 € 25 € 30 € 35 Millions 33 Traditional technologies 20 CS10/batch Xpansion NOT VIABLE NOT FEASIBLE 1 Xpansion/batch 200 aseptic Operations/batch =2000 operations/day 5738sq/m x 511 incubators x 84 biocabinets ENABLING TECHNOLOGY * Operators, QA/QC, supervisor, Planning Logistics 377 2050sq/m (-65%) x 89 incubators x 3 biocabinets 111 (-62%) NO aseptic operations € 0 € 5 € 10 € 15 € 20 € 25 Thousands Autologous process 3000patients/year # FTE* Building surface & Equipement (-40%) (-50%) Capex Opex Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor – Cost Model
  • 34. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. How will we fill the gap for large scale productions? Sept. 2012 - ISCT webinar: Best Practices in Cell Therapy Process Development - Jon Rowley Chair, ISCT Process & Product Development Committee Conclusions 1000 100 10 1 2006 2009 2012 2015 Current Platforms LotSize,billions/lot
  • 35. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Conclusions Cell therapy market = variety of business models SUT already established as a standard but need to be more “closed” for Phase III or commercial productions. Technology gap for cell amplification step ! Integrity Xpansion multiplate bioreactor = enabling technology Proven concept now Generates the same cells than CF10 in the same quantities while being more compact and controlled CONCLUSIONS
  • 36. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Thank you
  • 37. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Xpansion bioreactors : compact design 37 Xpansion MPB- 10 Xpansion MPB- 50 Xpansion MPB- 100 Xpansion MPB- 200 # of plates 10 50 100 200 Growth Surface Area 6120 cm² 30600 cm² 61200 cm² 122400 cm² Media working volume 1,6L 5,6L 11,2L 21,9L Size 29 cm (11.4 '') 47 cm (18.5 '') 55 cm (21.6 '') 81 cm (31.9 '') Multitray 10-stack equivalent 1 5 10 20
  • 38. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved.*Nov 1, 2012 (Vol. 32, No. 19) - Cellular Therapy Wave Finally Cresting - Lee Buckler, J.D., Enal Razvi, Ph.D. Cell therapy market is complex with different business models
  • 39. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 39 Cost of Goods Scaling-up with Xpansion™ multiplate bioreactor : Cost of Goods Evaluation & Results. Increased yields Decreased workload Quality control Non-aseptic environment • For equivalent FTE /batch, higher yields were achieved (x24) • Fully closed and controlled system results in 80% reduction on QC per billion cells produced • Closed system offered by ATMI include bags for media & reagents – cost savings compared to bottles Xpansion Multiplate bioreactor - Case Study #2
  • 40. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Consistency in DO trends on consecutive passages
  • 41. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Cell layer homogeneity was checked on every (180) plate and showed to be equivalent to control
  • 42. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 42 Value proposition In addition, XpansionTM has a significant impact on CoGs ATMI has a cost modeling tool that considers: Process steps, process variability from batch to batch Process-related equipment, footprint, level of CR classification ATMI can implement specific assumptions to model specific cases Implementation of a closed system combined with a bioreactor leads to: to >40% cost REDUCTION of CoGs Consistent dramatic decrease of level of investment, by 60-70% There is NO general rule, but categories of processes and applications Process steps Batch 1 Batch 2 Batch N Process variability (PDL) # FTE # FTE # FTE # consumables # consumables # consumables # equipments # equipments # equipments # FTE # equipment # consumables Building COGs
  • 43. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Shear stress chart [mPa] on surface at 30L/h Plate 5 Plate 9 Plate 13 Plate 15 mPa % 43 ATMI & Stem Cells manufacturing Xpansion bioreactor technology On 90% of the surface, shear stress is lower than 6mN/m², To be compared with mammalian cells agitated bioreactor, where shear is in the range of 1-5N/m²
  • 44. Proprietary and Confidential ©2013 ATMI, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ATMI & Stem Cells manufacturing Xpansion bioreactor technology Numerical simulation highlighted evenly- distributed media circulation through Xpansion plates . Pathlines colored by time (s). 44 Design optimization by CFD analysis and physical characterization: Angle in between slots vs # slots Laminar tangential flow Overall circulation is axial Homogeneous distribution Very low shear stress generated kLA, mixing times, circulation times CFD helped to fix design, validation by experimental plans