It has been realized that no single system of medicine can address the health care needs of modern society. Hence an integrated approach is required.

1. AYUSH AND OTHER SYSTEMS
OF MEDICINE
DR. SUHASINI K
Dept. of Community Medicine
J.N. Medical College, Belgaum.
1

2. • Introduction
• Background
• Organization
• Objectives, Stratergies and Activities
• Need for integration
• Infrastructure available under AYUSH
• Guidelines laid down by NRHM
• Brief overview of all the system
• Other systems
• SWOT analysis
2

3. Introduction
• Modern day stressful life-style have lead to a
rise in life-style diseases all over the world.
• It has been realized that no single system of
medicine can address the health care needs of
modern society.
• Around 65-70% of the population in rural
India use traditional system of medicine
3

4. Introduction
• India has rich tradition of medicinal wisdom
coupled with its strong capability in modern
medicine
• A country where medical pluralism is officially
recognized and encouraged
• Currently, it recognizes six different
healthcare systems
4

5. • AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy,
Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy
• There is no official provision for cross-talk
between the professionals belonging to these
different streams during medical education,
research and practice.
5

6. AYUSH is synonymous with:
• ISM&H
• Allied sciences
• Traditional health care
• Indigenous system of medicine
• Alternative medicine
• CAM (Complementary and Alternative
Medicine)
6

7. Background
• Department of Indian Systems of Medicine
and Homoeopathy (ISM&H) was created in
March,1995- MOHFW
• Re-named as Department of Ayurveda, Yoga &
Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and
Homoeopathy (AYUSH) in November, 2003
7

8. Background efforts to Integrate AYUSH
• Swadeshi movement lead to demand for ISM-
1938
• Chopra committee & Dave committee- 1960
• WHO & UNICEF - 1970
• National Health Policy of - 1983
• Separate department for AYUSH-March 1995
• National Policy on ISM&H -2002
• National Rural Health Mission-2005
8

9. • The department is a part of the Ministry of
Health and Family welfare, Govt of India
• Administratively headed by the Secretary,
Dept of AYUSH- Sh. Nilanjan Sanyal (at
present)
9

10. • The Ayurveda system is popular mostly in the States
of Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka
• The Siddha system is widely acceptable in Tamil
Nadu and Kerala.
• The Unani system is particularly popular in Andhra
Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Bihar.
• The Homeopathy is practiced all over the country but
primarily popular in Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, West
Bengal.
10

11. • Why AYUSH system is lagging back?
 AYUSH systems negated the necessary
learning from modern medicine- not updated
The growth of modern systems negated the
footage and the legacy of existing systems
11

12. Organization
The Department has
• 2 Subordinate offices
• 1 Public sector undertaking
• 2 Statutory organisations
• 4 Research councils
• 8 Educational institutions
• 1 National Medicinal plant board (with 35
State/ UT level boards)
12

13. Subordinate Offices :
• These include the Pharmacopoeial Laboratory
for Indian Medicine (PLIM), Ghaziabad
• The Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeial
Laboratory (HPL), Ghaziabad
13

14. Public Sector Undertaking:
• The Indian Medicine Pharmaceutical
Corporation (IMPCL), Almora, Uttaranchal
• Prime objective of manufacturing authentic
Ayurvedic and Unani medicines
14

15. Statutory Regulatory Councils:
• The Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM)
• The Central Council for Homoeopathy (CCH)
Main responsibilities:-
• To regulate education
• Practice of respective systems of medicine
• Advice the Government regarding education.
15

16. Research Councils: (located in New Delhi)
• Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and
Siddha (CCRAS)
• Central Council for Research in Unani Medicines
(CCRUM)
• Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy
(CCRH)
• Central Council for Research in Yoga and
Naturopathy (CCRYN).
16

17. National Apex Institutes:
• National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur
• National Institute of Siddha, Chennai
• National Institute of Unani Medicines, Bangalore
• Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga, New
Delhi
• National Institute of Naturopathy, Pune
• National Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata
• Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth, New Delhi.
17

18. Broad Goal of the Programme:
• Mainstreaming of AYUSH in the health care
service delivery system, with a view to
strengthen the existing public health system.
18

19. The objective of integration of
AYUSH
• To bring about an architectural correction and
re-inforce the existing public health care
delivery system
• To facilitate the use of natural, safe and
friendly remedies which are time tested,
accessible, acceptable and affordable.
• Wider utilization of AYUSH both domestically
and globally
19

20. Main strategies of this
programme
• Integrate and mainstream ISM&H in health
care delivery system including National
Programme
• Encourage and facilitate in setting up of
specialty centres and ISM clinics
• Facilitate and Strengthen Quality Control
Laboratory
20

21. • Strengthening the Drug Standardization and
Research activities on AYUSH
• Develop Advocacy for AYUSH
• Establish Sectoral linkages for AYUSH
activities
21

22. Main Activities
(a) Improving the availability of AYUSH
treatment faculties and integrating it with
the existing Health Care Service Delivery
System
• Integration of AYUSH services in various CHC / Block
PHC with appointment of contractual AYUSH
Doctors.
• Appointment of paramedics where AYUSH Doctors
shall be posted.
22

23. • Appointment of a Data assistant to support the
ISM&H Directorate
• Strengthening of AYUSH Dispensaries with provision
of storage equipments
• Making provision for AYUSH Drugs at all levels
• Establishment of specialized therapy centres in
District Headquarters Hospitals and Medical
Colleges.
• AYUSH doctors to be involved in all National Health
Care programmes, in priority areas
23

24. • Training of AYUSH doctors in Primary Health Care
• All AYUSH institutions will be strengthened with
necessary infrastructure like building, equipment,
manpower etc
• One Yoga Therapy Centre will be opened in district
Headquarters Hospitals
• Block level School Health Programmes to be
conducted twice in a year in two groups consisting of
100 students in each group
24

25. • It is proposed to create necessary Managerial post in
the State and District level
• Necessary vehicles with supporting manpower has
also been proposed to strengthen the supervisory
Joint monitoring visits to health centres
25

26. (b) Integration of AYUSH with ASHA
• Training module for ASHA and ANMs have to be
updated
• Training & capacity building to be undertaken
• Drug kit that will be provided to ASHA will contain
one AYUSH preparation
26

27. (c) Drug Management
• Priority will be given to manufacture of drugs in
Govt. Sector Pharmacies, as per their capacity.
• Provision of Rs. 25,000/- to supply drugs per AYUSH
dispensary
• Provisions of medicines for District AYUSH wings and
Specialty Therapy Centres
27

28. (d) Special Initiatives for Development of AYUSH
Drugs.
(i) Strengthening the Quality Control Laboratory
(ii) Strengthening the Drug Standardisation and
Research Activities on AYUSH
(iii) Development of Herbariums and crude drug
museums
28

29. Infrastructure(India) As on 2010
29

30. Cont.
30

31. Infrastructure
Total no. of hospital - 3277
Total no. of beds - 62649
Total no. of colleges - 501
Total no. of registered practitioners – 785185
Total no. of dispensaries - 24289
31

32. Infrastructure (Karnataka)
32

33. Why mainstreaming/integration of AYUSH
systems in National Health Care Delivery System
under “NRHM”?
• practices are well accepted by the community
(rural areas)
• the medicines are easily available and prepared
from locally available resources
• economical
• comparatively safe
33

34. • deficiency and unwilngness of allopathic doctors
to work in rural areas
• cure for some diseases present in these system
of medicine
• resurgence of interest in holistic systems of
health care
• no single system of health care has the capacity
to solve all of society’s health needs
• taking full advantage of local enterprise for
solving local health problems
34

35. AYUSH Interventions under NRHM
• Co-location of AYUSH dispensaries in 3528
PHCs in different States.
• Appointment of 452 AYUSH doctors and
paramedics (pharmacists) on contractual basis
in the primary health care system.
• Inclusion of AYUSH modules in training of
ASHA.
• Inclusion of Punarnavdi Mandoor in the ASHA
Kit for management of anemia during
pregnancy.
35

36. • Inclusion of seven Ayurvedic and five Unani
medicines in the RCH programme.
• Establishment of specialty clinics, specialized
therapy centers and AYUSH wings in district
hospitals
36

37. Guidelines under NRHM regarding
AYUSH
• Under the same roof of the Health
Infrastructure, i.e., PHC, CHC, however,
separate space should be allocated exclusively
for them in the same building
• Appropriate Regulatory Authorities lays down
the terms & conditions
37

38. • Provision of one Doctor of any of the AYUSH
systems as per the local acceptability assisted by
a Pharmacist in PHC
• Supply of appropriate medicines pertaining to
AYUSH systems
• The specific choice of AYUSH system decided by
the State depending on the local preference
38

39. • The already existing AYUSH infrastructure should
be mobilized
• Cross referral between allopathic and AYUSH
streams should be encouraged based on the
need for the same
• AYUSH Doctors shall be involved in IEC, health
promotion and also supervisory activities
• It is decided that AYUSH medications shall be
included in the drug kit of ASHA
39

40. Areas of priority :
1. Education –standards upgradation
2. Drug standardization – Ghaziabad lab
3. Setting up of vanaspathi van (Herbarium)
4. Expansion of ISM&H treatment facility
5. Research & development
6. Intellectual property Rights
7. Grant-in- aid assistance
40

41. The Ayurvedic drugs are
• Saubhagya Sunthi
• Ksheerbala Taila
• Bal Rasayan
• Ark Pudhina
• Ark Ajawain
• Punarnavadi Mandoora
• Ayushgutti
41

42. Unani drugs are
• Hubbe Khubsul Hadeed
• Amjoone suhag shonth
• Rangane Labook saba
• Ark pudina
• Ark Ajawain
42

43. Budget
• The Plan allocation for 2006-07 is Rs. 381.60
crore.
• It is proposed to scale up Plan provision for
Department of AYUSH from Rs.1057.26 crore
in the 10th Plan to Rs.2486.45 crore in the
11th Plan
43

44. Ayurveda
• Origin : Vedas—the Atharvaveda
1000 BC
Charaka & Sushrutha
• Principles : Panchamahabhutas
3 dhoshas- vata (ether + air)
pitta (fire)
kapha (water +earth)
44

45. • Most ancient system(5000 years ago) which is
still in practice
• Practiced in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan,
Tibet, China, USA and European countries
45

46. TREATMENT :
• Shodhana therapy (Purification Treatment)
• Shamana therapy (Palliative Treatment)
• Pathya Vyavastha (Prescription of diet and
activity)
• Nidan Parivarjan (Avoidance of disease causing and
aggravating factors)
• Satvavajaya (Psychotherapy)
• Rasayana therapy(use of immunomodulators and
rejuvenation medicines)
46

47. PANCHAKARMA:
• One can consider this as a body de-tox program
Five actions
1.Vamana (emesis)
2.Virechana (purgation)
3.Basti (enema)
4.Nasya (nasal administration)
5.Raktamokshana (blood letting)
47

48. Yoga
• ORIGIN : Its founders were great Saints and
Sages
• Maharishi Patanjali called "The Father of
Yoga" - Ashtanga Yoga Book
• The practice of Yoga prevents psychosomatic
disorders
• Improves an individuals resistance and ability
to endure stressful situations
48

49. - Japa Yoga, the path of divine
- Karma Yoga, the path of work
- Bhakti Yoga, the path of worship
-Jnana Yoga, the path of philosophy
- Raja Yoga, the path of psychic control
49

50. 50
Pranayama Prathyahara

51. Naturopathy
• Naturopathy is an art and science of healthy
living and a drugless system of healing based
on well founded philosophy
• Father of naturopathy is Dr. Benedict Lust
• The revival of Naturopathy started in India by
translation of Germany’s Louis Kuhne’s book
“New Science of Healing”
51

52. • Shri D. Venkat Chelapati Sharma translated
this book in Telgu language in 1894.
• Shri Shroti Kishan Swaroop of Bijnor translated
this book into Hindi and Urdu languages in
1904.
• Gandhiji was influenced by the book
Return to Nature written by Adolf Just and
become a firm believer of Naturopathy
52

53. 53

54. Principles
• All disease, their cause and their treatment
are one.
• Acute diseases are our friends, not the
enemies. Chronic diseases are the outcome of
wrong treatment and suppression of the acute
diseases.
• The basic cause of disease is not bacteria
• In Naturopathy patient is treated and not the
disease.
54

55. Treatment
• Hydro Therapy
• Air Therapy
• Fire Therapy
• Space Therapy
• Mud Therapy
• Sun therapy
• Food Therapy
55

56. Unani
• ORIGIN : originated in Greece
The foundation of Unani system was laid by
Hippocrates.
In India, was introduced by Arabs
• Arthritis, Leucoderma, Jaundice, Liver
disorders, Nervous system disorders,
Bronchial Asthma –better than other system
56

57. 57

58. • Unani Medicines got enriched by imbibing
what was best in the contemporary systems of
traditional medicines in Egypt, Syria, Iraq,
Persia, India, China and other Middle East
countries.
• The system suffered a severe setback during
the British rule in India.
58

59. • Dieto therapy (Ilaj-bil-Ghiza),
• Climatic therapy (Ilaj-bil-Hawa),
• Regimental therapy (Ilaj-bit-Tadbir),
• Pharmacotherapy (Ilaj-bid-Dawa)
makes it a different and remarkable and
popular system.
59

60. SIDDHA – ‘achievements’
Origin : one of the oldest systems of medicine in
India
• attributed to the great Siddha Ayastiyar
• Siddha literature is in Tamil and
• It is practiced largely in Tamil speaking part of
India and abroad
60

61. • The Siddha System is largely therapeutic in
nature.
• use of metals and minerals is very much
advocated.
• 25 varieties of water-soluble inorganic
compounds called ‘UPPU
• 64 varieties of mineral drugs
• The Siddha system is capable of treating all
types of disease other than emergency cases
61

62. HOMOEOPATHY
• Origin :first defined by Dr. Samuel
Hahnemann
18th century
“ The Organon of Medicine”
• Law of Similars (like cures like)
• Law of the Infinitesimal Dose (The more
diluted a remedy is, the more potent it is.)
• illness is specific to the individual
62

63. Principles of Homeopathy
Similarity rule
Rule of inversion
Paracelsus rule
Burgi’s principle
63

64. 64
Areas of strength
• Skin disorders
• Allergic disorders
• autoimmune diseases
• viral infections
• de-addiction
• metabolic disorders

65. SOWA - RIGPA
• “Sowa-Rigpa” commonly known as
Amchi system of medicine
• Popularly practiced in Tibet, Magnolia,
Bhutan, some parts of China, Nepal,
Himalayan regions of India and few parts of
former Soviet Union etc
65

66. • The majority of theory and practice of Sowa-
Rigpa is similar to “Ayurveda”
• Gyud-Zi (four tantra) the fundamental text
book of this medicine was first translated
from India and enriched in Tibet
66

67. Other systems
• Acupuncture is a method of healing
developed in China at least 2,000 years ago.
• Stimulation of anatomical points on the body
by a variety of techniques.
• Technique, studied scientifically involves
penetrating the skin with thin, solid, metallic
needles that are manipulated by the hands or
by electrical stimulation.
67

68. • Aromatherapy involves the use of
essential oils (extracts or essences)
from flowers, herbs, and trees to promote
health and well-being
68

69. • Chiropractic :is a CAM alternative medical
system
• Relationship between bodily structure
(primarily that of the spine) and function
• Relationship affects the preservation and
restoration of health.
• Chiropractitioners use manipulative therapy
as an integral treatment tool.
69

70. • Qi gong (“chee-GUNG”) is a component of
traditional Chinese medicine that combines
movement, meditation, and regulation of
breathing to enhance the flow of qi
• “qi” is vital energy in the body, improve blood
circulation, and enhance immune function.
70

71. • Reiki (“RAY-kee”) is a Japanese word
representing Universal Life Energy.
• Spiritual energy is channeled through a Reiki
practitioner, the patient’s spirit is healed,
which in turn heals the physical body.
71

72. • Therapeutic Touch
• Electromagnetic fields
• Dietary supplements
• Music therapy
72

73. 73

74. Holistic Medicine
74

75. Myths & Interesting facts
1)Myth : AYUSH systems are not rational
Fact : They are based on time-tested codified
principles and concepts
2) Myth : There is no standardization in AYUSH
system of medicine
Fact : Regulated by Drug and Cosmetic Act
1940
75

76. 3) AYUSH systems use heavy metals
Fact : They use heavy metals but after
detoxification and purification process
4) AYUSH system have only placebo effect and
can be used only as alternative system of
medicine
Fact : They have holistic approach. Scientific
studies have established therapeutic effect
76

77. • Myth : Homoeopathy is slow acting
Fact : False impression, usually they are
approached for chronic diseases
• Myth : Homeopathy first aggravates the
disease then cures it
Fact : not always
77

78. SWOT Analysis
• Strengths:
Safety
Efficacy
Traditional
Cost factor
Global demand
78

79. • Weakness:
Statistical data
Research
Budget allocation
Quality of drugs
Dispensing
Diagnostic tools
Emergency management
79

80. • Opportunities :
Specific areas-
Lifestyle diseases
Psychosomatic disease
Anorectal disorders
Rhuematoid arthritis
Mother and child health
Allergic diseases
80

81. • Threats :
Most of AYSUH doctors practice allopathy
Quacks – inadequatly qualified persons
Lack of knowledge/ Updates
81

82. Recommendations
• AYUSH graduates - receive instructions from
qualified experts in the topics related to
conventional medicine
• Involvement of biomedicine experts in AYUSH
research
• MBBS graduates - introduced to the medical
heritage of their own country
82

83. Conclusion
• The “MARRIAGE” of this Art of medicine and
Science of medicine – requirement of
HUMANITY
• Future of integrated medicine- Bright and
promising.
• Future ‘Megatrend’ In Health Care System.
83

84. References
• Text Book of Public Health and Community Medicine- AFMC
Pune
• Ayurveda for beginners by Mahadevan
• Introduction to Classical homeopathy-IHA
• Ancient wisdom, science and health- Dr BM Hegde
• Patwardhan K, Gehlot S, Singh G, Rathore HC. The ayurveda
education in India: How well are the graduates exposed to basic
clinical skills? Evidence Based Complement Alternate
Medicine2011;2011:197391.
• AYUSH official website http://india.gov.in &
http://mohfw.nic.in
• nccam.nih.gov/training (National Centre for Complementary
and Alternative Medicine) 84

85. 85