Slides of the conference paper Opportunistic cyberphysical services: A novel paradigm for the future Internet of Things," presented at the 2018 IEEE 4th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), Singapore. Slides author: Claudio Savaglio

1. Opportunistic Cyberphysical Services:
A Novel Paradigm for the
Future Internet of Things
Giancarlo Fortino, Wilma Russo, Claudio Savaglio, Mirko Viroli, MengChu Zhou
2018 IEEE 4th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), Singapore, 05-08/02/2018
Università della Calabria, Department of Informatics, Modeling, Electronics and Systems (DIMES), Italy

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G. Fortino, W. Russo, C. Savaglio, M. Viroli and M. Zhou, "Opportunistic cyberphysical services:
A novel paradigm for the future Internet of Things," 2018 IEEE 4th World Forum on Internet of Things
(WF-IoT), Singapore, 2018, pp. 488-492.
doi: 10.1109/WF-IoT.2018.8355174
@INPROCEEDINGS{8355174,
author={G. Fortino and W. Russo and C. Savaglio and M. Viroli and M. Zhou},
booktitle={2018 IEEE 4th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)},
title={Opportunistic cyberphysical services: A novel paradigm for the future Internet of Things},
year={2018},
volume={},
number={},
pages={488-492},
keywords={cyber-physical systems;ecology;Internet of Things;smart cities;Opportunistic cyberphysical
Services;dense ecosystem;open ecosystem;cyberphysical ecosystem;conventional computing
systems;Opportunistic IoT Services;opportunistic properties;Industrial IoT;Internet of Things;Smart
City scenario;Computational modeling;Safety;Biological system modeling;Smart cities;Internet of
Things;Context modeling;Internet of Things;Cyberphysical Services;Opportunistic Services;Modelling},
doi={10.1109/WF-IoT.2018.8355174},
ISSN={},
month={Feb},}
How to cite the manuscript related to these slides:

3. Outline
1. Background – IoT and IoT services
2. IoT service modeling: State-of-the-Art
3. Proposal - Opportunistic IoT Service model
4. Conclusion and future work
3

4. Background - IoT
4
«Anywhere, anytime, anything, anyone connection»
«Cyber-physical real world interactions»

5. Background - IoT
5
Services are the real IoT drivers, not devices!

6. IoT service
 a shared definition is still missing
 several recurrent considerations
 service modeling acknowledged as fundamental
Simulation
Verification
Analysis
Modeling
6
modeling allows testing IoT services before
their actual (error-prone and time
consuming) implementation
Background – IoT services

7. Descriptive IoT Service models
(high-level analysis)
Operational IoT Service models
(verification, simulation)
e.g., Metamodels, ontology
e.g., Petri nets, Business Process Models
IoT service
models
IoT service modeling: State-of-the-Art
 Descriptive and Operational models are different but complementary
 Important IoT concepts (e.g., IoT Entity, Context) coarse grained
modeled or neglected, considering IoT services like Web services
 A novel IoT service modeling paradigm which includes and improves
current operational and descriptive service models is required. 7

8. Descriptive IoT Service models
(high-level analysis)
Operational IoT Service models
(verification, simulation)
e.g., Metamodels, ontology
e.g., Petri nets, Business Process Models
IoT service
models
Proposal - Opportunistic IoT Service model
Opportunistic Properties
• Dinamicity
• Co-location
• Context-Awareness
• TransienceOpportunistic
IoT Service
8
Proposal
1

9. Descriptive IoT Service models
(high-level analysis)
Operational IoT Service models
(verification, simulation)
e.g., Metamodels, ontology
e.g., Petri nets, Business Process Models
IoT service
models
Proposal - Opportunistic IoT Service model
Opportunistic Properties
• Dinamicity
• Co-location
• Context-Awareness
• Transience
Full-fledged IoT
Service
modeling
Descriptive
IoT Service
metamodels
Operational
IoT Service
models
Opportunistic
IoT Service
9
Proposal
1
2

10. Proposal - Opportunistic IoT Service model
10
Descriptive modeling
IoT Entities provide/consume
IoT Services according to
their own static/dynamic
features, cyberphysical
functionalities and
surrounding IoT Environment
The non-augmented
physical environment in
which IoT Entities and
physical elements are
co-located

11. Proposal - Opportunistic IoT Service model
11
Descriptive modeling
What the IoT Service does
How the IoT Service works

12. Proposal - Opportunistic IoT Service model
12
Operational modeling
Considering that IoT Entities and Service interactions are typically (asynchronously) event-driven
and time-dependent, IoT systems may be formally modelled as Discrete Event Systems (DESs) and
represented, for example, through finite state automata.

13. Proposal - Opportunistic IoT Service model
13
Operational modeling
Considering that IoT Entities and Service interactions are typically (asynchronously) event-driven
and time-dependent, IoT systems may be formally modelled as Discrete Event Systems (DESs) and
represented, for example, through finite state automata.
IoT service S, IoT Entitiy E, IoT Environment Env

14. Proposal - Opportunistic IoT Service model
14
Operational modeling
Considering that IoT Entities and Service interactions are typically (asynchronously) event-driven
and time-dependent ,IoT systems may be formally modelled as Discrete Event Systems (DESs) and
represented, for example, through finite state automata.
IoT service S, IoT Entitiy E, IoT Environment Env

15. Use Cases
15
Smart City: a large-scale scenario, highly dynamic and with a variety of potential different
IoT Entities and services.
Smart Workshop: a medium-scale, homogeneous scenario with a limited number of IoT Entities,
specific functionalities but strict requirements.
The proposed approach supports scenarios featured by
different scales, purposes, and requirements.

16. Smart City Use Case: Crowd Safety Service
16
Crows Safety Service considers a mass public event, such as the Vienna marathon, and aims at
(i) alerting people located nearby overcrowded zones;
(ii) proposing alternative paths according to the user’s preferences/constraints.

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Crows Safety Service considers a mass public event, such as the Vienna marathon, and aims at
(i) Alerting people located nearby overcrowded zones;
(ii) Proposing alternative paths according to the user’s preferences/constraints.
Crowd Safety Service exposes the four aforementioned opportunistic properties of:
1. Dynamicity, since it is activated only if a zone’s density level exceeds a threshold continuously for
a certain amount of time;
2. Co-located, since it exploits multiple SOs at the same time for contemporary serving multiple
citizens located nearby the overcrowded zones;
3. Transient, since it lasts only for an emergency situation and until the citizen is near an
overcrowded zone;
4. Context-aware, since it considers athletes and audience positions and environmental elements
(e.g., a bridge) for determining density and risk levels, as well as citizens positions and their
preferences for providing alerts and customized hints.
Smart City Use Case: Crowd Safety Service

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Smart City Use Case: Crowd Safety Service
“Crowd Safety” (a) service metamodel and (b) its FSA-based operational model

19. Use Case: Crowd Safety Service
19Descriptive Crowd Safety Service models

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Smart City Use Case: Crowd Safety Service
“Crowd Safety” (a) service metamodel and (b) its FSA-based operational model

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Smart Workshop Use Case: Smart Connectivity Service
Smart Connectivity Service performs temporary networking to overcome a node failure within a
clustered workshop area, and aims at:
(i) providing a temporary intra-cluster networking activity to prevent network fragmentation;
(ii) providing a temporary inter-cluster networking activity to prevent network paralysis.

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Smart Workshop Use Case: Smart Connectivity Service
“Smart Connectivity” (a) service metamodel and (b) its FSA-based operational model

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Smart Workshop Use Case: Smart Connectivity Service
“Smart Connectivity” (a) service metamodel and (b) its FSA-based operational model

24. Conclusion and future work
24
 Problem: limitations affecting IoT service modelling hinder the subsequent
phases of service automatic verification, execution and simulation.
 Preliminary contributions: definition of (i) Opportunistic IoT Service
properties and (ii) a full-fledged approach jointly exploiting descriptive
(metamodel-based) and operational (DES-based) IoT Service models.
 Future work: implementation of descriptive and operational IoT Service
models within an integrated framework for performing service automatic
verification, execution and simulation.

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G. Fortino, W. Russo, C. Savaglio, M. Viroli and M. Zhou, "Opportunistic cyberphysical services:
A novel paradigm for the future Internet of Things," 2018 IEEE 4th World Forum on Internet of Things
(WF-IoT), Singapore, 2018, pp. 488-492.
doi: 10.1109/WF-IoT.2018.8355174
@INPROCEEDINGS{8355174,
author={G. Fortino and W. Russo and C. Savaglio and M. Viroli and M. Zhou},
booktitle={2018 IEEE 4th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)},
title={Opportunistic cyberphysical services: A novel paradigm for the future Internet of Things},
year={2018},
volume={},
number={},
pages={488-492},
keywords={cyber-physical systems;ecology;Internet of Things;smart cities;Opportunistic cyberphysical
Services;dense ecosystem;open ecosystem;cyberphysical ecosystem;conventional computing
systems;Opportunistic IoT Services;opportunistic properties;Industrial IoT;Internet of Things;Smart
City scenario;Computational modeling;Safety;Biological system modeling;Smart cities;Internet of
Things;Context modeling;Internet of Things;Cyberphysical Services;Opportunistic Services;Modelling},
doi={10.1109/WF-IoT.2018.8355174},
ISSN={},
month={Feb},}
How to cite the manuscript related to these slides:

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