5. STATISTICS
Kills 130 000 Americans each year
759 000 people in US affected every year, 610 000
are first time strokes
Stroke – third largest cause of death in Malaysia
Affects 40 000 people
2005 – 17 907 patients admitted
2006 – 52 000 patients admitted
6. SYMPTOMS
Figure 4: Part & function of
brain
Patients encounter problem in:
Movement
Communication
Sight
Numbness/paralysis
Headache
12. • Identify problem with electrical conduction of heart
• Regular heart beat rhythmic pattern smooth
blood flow
• Defect arrhythmia form blood clot stroke
5. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Detect blood clot in deep vein in legs
• Clot movement to brain leads to stroke
4. Leg Ultrasound
• Sound waves – measure blood flow blood vessel
of hemorrhagic area
6. Transcranial Doppler (TCD)
20. COMPLICATIONS
1. Dysphagia
Interruption in
normal swallowing
Small particles enter
respiratory tract
Prevention: Feeding
tube
2. Hydrocephalus
Too much CSF in
brain cavities
Hemorrhagic
stroke- stop CSF
draining-
accumulated
Prevention: placing
tube into brain
3. Deep Vein
Thrombosis (DVT)
Slow blood flow in
veins – increase BP
Blood clot in leg
Prevention:
1. anti-clotting
medicines
2. Compression
stocking
21. • Stroke - sudden death of brain cells due to lack of oxygen
• Caused by blockage of blood flow / rupture of artery to the brain
• Symptoms: weakness / paralysis on one side of the body
difficulty with balance, speaking, swallowing
• Clot-busting drugs like TPA can be used to reverse a stroke
• Prevention - minimizing risk factors
(controlling high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes)
CONCLUSION
22. CASE STUDY
Patient’s detail
54 year old female, indian
Hemorrhagic stroke and suffered from left hemiplegia
No major improvements were noted for almost 3 years
23. Investigation
MRI of brain showed chronic infarct in the right fronto-
parietal and thalamocapsular regions
No acute infarct was seen
The patient had left sided hemiplegia, unable to sit,
stand and walk
Neuropsychological assessment showed speed of
processing and reaction time was impaired
24. Abstraction and fluency impaired
Deficits in working memory, problem solving,
sequencing, judgment and set shifting
Her visuoconstructive ability, visual memory and
learning were impaired
25. Treatment
Stem cell therapy - autologous bone marrow and
allogeneic cord blood stem cell transplantation
27. • PubMed Health, (2013), Classification of stroke, Viewed on 27th
February 2013,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001740/
• WebMD, (2013), Stroke, Viewed on 27th February 2013,
http://www.webmd.com/stroke/guide/default.htm
• Mayoclinic, (2012), Symptoms, Viewed on 27th February 2013,
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/stroke/DS00150/DSECTION=sym
ptoms
• NASAM, (2013), Statistics, Viewed on 27th February 2013,
http://www.nasam.org
• MSH, (2010), Statistics, Viewed on 27th February 2013,
http://www.msh.org.my
• Dexter Morris, (2013),Stroke diagnosis, Viewed on 27thth February
2013, http://www.emedicinehealth.com/stroke
REFERENCES
28. • Jose Vega, (2013),Causes of stroke, Viewed on 27thth February
2013, http://stroke.about.com/od/causesofstroke/
• Mayoclinic, (2012),Stroketreatment and drugs, Viewed on 28thth
February 2013,
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/stroke/treatments-and-drugs
• Stroke center, (2013),Stroke diagnosis and treatment, Viewed on
28thth February 2013, http://www.strokecenter.org/patients/about-
stroke/diagnosis-and-treatment/
• NHS, (2012),Stroke condition, Viewed on 28thth February 2013,
http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Stroke/Pages/treatment
• Purandare, C., Belle, V., Shitole, D.G., Joshi, M. (2012), Stem
Cell Therapy for Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Single Case Study
Report. A Journal of Neuroscience. 2(2): 22-26