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Challenges and Experiences
Maria Isabel Gandía Carriedo
CATNIX / CSUC
LAC-IX Meeting
Online, 29-04-2021
Agenda
1. Who are we?
2. CATNIX Timeline and Evolution
3. Interconnection and Peering-related Services
4. Additional Services
5. Other activities at CSUC & CATNIX
Restricted
Who are We?
Who Are We?
CATNIX is managed by: Before:
CSUC
CSUC is a Consoritum of 10 Universities and the Catalan Government, whose
mission is to identify, design and execute shared projects in a collaborative way to
allow the Catalan universities increase their efficiency by exploiting economies of
scale and synergies.
CATNIX Nodes
Restricted
Timeline and Evolution
Timeline
1999
2002 2008
2021
CATNIX is born
6 participants
BW > 256 kbps
1 Gbps
European
Peering Forum
10 years
22 participants
BW >10 Mbps
10 Gbps
3 sites
Route
servers
20 years
46 participants
BW >1 Gbps
100 Gbps
RIPE
meeting
2017
ESNOG meetings
Euro-IX Forums
2011 2015
DNS Root
servers
2005
2 sites
2003 2009
2016 2018
2014
2019
2007
CATNIX Facts
 CATNIX was born in 1999, as an initiative of the Catalan government
and several ISPs in Catalonia (12 entities).
 CATNIX is today a self-sustained IX.
 It is managed by a non-profit organisation linked to the R&E
environment (Many examples in Europe: BNIX, BR-IX, CIX, DIX,
GIGAPIX, GR-IX, SFINX, TOPIX, VIX, VSIX, etc).
 According to the Euro-IX Benchmarking Club Report Round 15 (2020),
CATNIX is #62 (of 215) in number of participants in Europe (46 ASNs).
 Its traffic is equivalent to other internet exchanges of the same size
(100 Gbps peak traffic).
 Our members decide what they want us to do: Technical and Strategic
Commission.
Iporium
CTTI
CATNIX: Current members
Orange
1 Gbps
Sarenet
T-Systems
Telefónica
Colt
Adam
Google VozTelecom
Acens
Nexica
Orange-BS
Equinix
RedIRIS
Adamo
Claranet
Guifi.net
Airenetworks
Hurricane Electric
Altecom
Vodafone
2 – 3 Gbps
10 Gbps
Microsoft
Bitnap
Sered
Cloudflare
E-ports
NTT
Akamai
Andorra Telecom
Eurona
20 – 30 Gbps
IMI
Altercom21
EveryWAN
Vola
x2
x2
40 Gbps Subspace
Operadors.cat
Evolutio
9
12
14
18 17
21 20 19 19
22
24 25 25 26 25 26
30
35 36 36 38 38
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
#
Entities
0
1500
3000
4500
6000
7500
9000
10500
12000
13500
15000
16500
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Traffic
(TB) CATNIX Evolution
4.63%
3.90%
1 Gbps
100 – 999 Mbps
8 – 99Mbps
< 6 Mbps
2016 19,938.94
2017 41,399.63
2018 92,556.93
2019 117,264.79
2020 152,889.69
2 – 3 Gbps
18.97%
5.54%
CATNIX
10 Gbps
20 Gbps
40 Gbps
Services
46 ASN!
Traffic Evolution Peak Traffic
Restricted
2016, 10 Gbps
2017, 20 Gbps
2018, 40 Gbps
2020, 80 Gbps
2019, 60 Gbps
Prices Evolution
Restricted
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Fees evolution
New member fee 1 Gbps 10 Gbps
Additional VLAN Additional rack unit Extension
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
New member fee 1954,6 1954,6 1954,6 n/a 200
1 Gbps 433,89 300 300 300 200 200
10 Gbps 867,88 867,88 700 700 650 500
100 Gbps n/a n/a n/a 3900 3900 2900
Additional VLAN 118,88 118,88 118,88 118,88 118,88 118,88
Additional rack unit 34,09 34,09 34,09 34,09 34,09 34,09
Extension 50 50 50 0 0 0
Evolution of the Peering Platform
2008-2016 2016-2020 What next?
Switches Cisco Catalyst
4507 Sup6E
Arista 7280SE Arista 7504R and
7280SR
Switching capacity 320 Gbps 1.44 Tbps 38 Tbps
2.16 Tbps
Oversubscription Yes No No
Deep Buffers No Yes Yes
10 Gbps ports 40 72 ≥48
≥176
40 Gbps ports   
100 Gbps ports  2 6
32
 Currently upgrading the switching platforms.
Interconnection and Peering-Related
Services
Peering: two flavours
 Bi-lateral
 Through one of the three route-servers:
• Campus Nord: bird on a VM.
• bitNAP: Cisco ISR443.
• Equinix: GoBGPd on a VM
 Bio-diversity: The route-servers infrastructure is completely
independent in each node.
Enhanced Security: Blackholing Service
 Useful to mitigate DDoS attacks at the IX.
 Members can simply label their attacked prefixes in bilateral peerings and
through the route servers.
 We use RFC7999 (blackhole community):
BLACKHOLE (= 0xFFFF029A)
 The traffic directed to the attacked host is dropped at the IX, avoiding the
congestion in the member’s link at CATNIX.
Restricted
Security and Resiliency: RPKI Filtering in all the Route Servers
 Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) is a cryptographic method
for signing records that associates a BGP route with its autonomous
system number (AS).
 BGP does not provide a security system to ensure that the network
announcement via the protocol BGP is from the correct original AS.
This relationship is defined as Route Origin Authorization (ROA).
 CATNIX has the ability on the three RPKI route-servers, to ensure the
relationship between the network and the source AS and thus
implement security for all participants who are part of the IX.
Restricted
Myportal
 CATNIX members have a private space called My portal. This portal includes tools to check the quality of the
service, such as a weathermap, traffic volume information, collision and CRC statistics, a peering matrix,
the Looking Glass service, the Ookla speed test, the M-Lab node, NDT, etc.
Restricted
Myportal: Automatically Changing the MAC Address Filters
Restricted
Quality of Service Measurement
 CATNIX measures the following parameters for each port:
• Input and output traffic, indicating peaks
• CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
• Collision
• Announced prefixes
 These measures are used by the technical team to proactively detect
incidents and prevent an impact on the service.
 Links between nodes are also monitored and upgraded when
necessary to avoid any risk of congestion.
 CATNIX reports all the operations carried out on the infrastructure and
services, whether they have affected the availability of the services or
not, information on interruptions or incidents when applicable and
number of congestions detected (if any) at the Technical Commission
meetings, twice a year.
 The objective is to be as transparent as possible.
Restricted
Mutually Agreed Norms for Routing Security
Let’s talk about manners
https://www.manrs.org/
CATNIX, Full Member of MANRS as an IXP
 MANRS improves the security and reliability of the global Internet routing
system, based on collaboration among participants and shared
responsibility for the Internet infrastructure.
 CATNIX is already MANRS compliant.
Protect the
Peering
Platform
The IXP has a
published policy of
traffic not allowed
on the peering fabric
and performs
filtering of such
traffic.
Promote
MANRS*
Four options
including (a)
assistance in
maintaining records,
(b) assistance in
implementing
operator Actions, (c)
indicating MANRS
membership, and
(d) incentives for
MANRS readiness
Filtering*
The IXP implements
filtering of route
announcements at
the Route Server
based on routing
information data
(IRR and/or RPKI)
Monitoring &
Debugging
The IXP provides a
looking glass for its
members.
.
Global
Communi-
cation
The IXP facilitates
communication
among members by
providing necessary
mailing lists, and
member directories.
* Mandatory
Automation: Information about the members in JSON format
 It includes data about the internet exchange and its members, in order
to facilitate the automation of the configuration:
– Name
– Peering Policy
– URL
– Contact telephone
– Bandwidth at CATNIX
– …
Information about 46 AS available.
http://www.catnix.net/participants.json
CATNIX is in the official page of the Euro-IX JSON schema.
https://github.com/euro-ix/json-schemas
Additional Services
Additional Services
1. Network Diagnosis:
• Speedtest
• M-lab
• RIPE Atlas
• RIPE Anchor
• RIPE RIS
• Looking-glass
2. DNS root servers
3. NTP servers
4. GGC
5. PCH/Quad9
6. ServiceDesk
7. PeeringDB
8. Out-of-band
9. Research and education synergies
Restricted
Monitoring and Debugging
 bird-lg looking-glass:
 Command history.
 Bgpmap to draw maps.
 It performs 'whois' queries to give information about routes and AS.
 Accessible from any device.
DNS Root Servers
 8 DNS root-servers at CATNIX.
Restricted
http://www.root-servers.org
D (University of Maryland): PCH
E (NASA): PCH & Cloudflare
F (ISC): ISC (x2) & Cloudflare
J (Verisign): Verisign*
K (RIPE NCC): RIPE NCC (through Services router)
L (ICANN): ICANN (through Services router)
View from RIPE Atlas
 All root servers at CATNIX are less than 2 ms away from the
members, most of them are less than 1 ms (view from AS13041)
Restricted
NTP Servers
 Equinix, NTP Meinberg M200
• GPS
• Clock ELX800/GPS M2x
• Antenna
 Campus Nord, NTP Meinberg M300
• GPS
• Oscillator TCXO
• Antenna
Service Desk, in Service
Restricted
 We provide our members the necessary information to update PeeringDB
Restricted
PeeringDB
Research and Education Synergies: LISP Pilot Network Project (2014-2020)
 The LISP Beta Network* was a multi-
company multi-vendor effort to research
real-world behavior of the LISP Protocol.
 LISP DDT was a hierarchical and
distributed database that provided a
mapping EID/RLOC.
 The node at CATNIX was the root.
 It helped testing the protocol and turning
it into a mature technology, with
significant impact on the field of private
VPNs and mobility.
 https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8111
Restricted
*Participants:
• CATNIX: BT, Equinix, ICANN, ISC, Microsoft, NTT
• Other: Cisco, Facebook, KPN, NYU, Partan, TaTa,
TCH, Qwest, UCLA, UOregon, UPC…
Other activities at CSUC & CATNIX
The Internet Community
Restricted
 Presentations at CATNIX meetings
 NetBCN
 ESNOG
 Euro-IX
 RIPE Meetings
 RIPE training courses
 European Peering Forum
 Other activities
Euro-IX, Working for an Agile Internet in Europe and the World (IX-F)
30th Euro-IX Forum (I)
 2017, in Barcelona
 Hosted by CATNIX
 132 attendees from 64 organizations
Restricted
Follow us on Twitter @CATNIX_info
Restricted
Communication Workspace in Slack
Restricted
Other activities at CSUC & CATNIX (I)
Restricted
Cisco award for digital innovation during “La
nit de les Telecomunicacions i la Informàtica”
for CSUC, mention to CATNIX, 2017.
Visit of 4 teams of the Technovation
Challenge. Girls for a change, 2019.
Organisation of the Autumn School “The
Challenges of Internet Governance” with
IBEI and ICANN, 2018.
Round table on Inclusivity: women in
networking, 2020.
20th anniversary Beer&Talk and visit to
UB, 2019.
Open days for the Internet Day and the
Science week, every year.
20 Years of CATNIX
 CATNIX is a meeting point, a place with an intense activity
 Proximity / Interconnection / Collaboration / Movement
 Experts in the territory and in innovation
 Emphasizing the “C” for CATNIX, Catalonia, Connection
 Going up
Restricted
20 Years Celebrations
20 Years Souvenirs
Restricted
Thanks for your attention!
Questions?
mariaisabel.gandia@csuc.cat

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CATNIX: Desafíos y experiencia

  • 1. Challenges and Experiences Maria Isabel Gandía Carriedo CATNIX / CSUC LAC-IX Meeting Online, 29-04-2021
  • 2. Agenda 1. Who are we? 2. CATNIX Timeline and Evolution 3. Interconnection and Peering-related Services 4. Additional Services 5. Other activities at CSUC & CATNIX Restricted
  • 4. Who Are We? CATNIX is managed by: Before:
  • 5. CSUC CSUC is a Consoritum of 10 Universities and the Catalan Government, whose mission is to identify, design and execute shared projects in a collaborative way to allow the Catalan universities increase their efficiency by exploiting economies of scale and synergies.
  • 8. Timeline 1999 2002 2008 2021 CATNIX is born 6 participants BW > 256 kbps 1 Gbps European Peering Forum 10 years 22 participants BW >10 Mbps 10 Gbps 3 sites Route servers 20 years 46 participants BW >1 Gbps 100 Gbps RIPE meeting 2017 ESNOG meetings Euro-IX Forums 2011 2015 DNS Root servers 2005 2 sites 2003 2009 2016 2018 2014 2019 2007
  • 9. CATNIX Facts  CATNIX was born in 1999, as an initiative of the Catalan government and several ISPs in Catalonia (12 entities).  CATNIX is today a self-sustained IX.  It is managed by a non-profit organisation linked to the R&E environment (Many examples in Europe: BNIX, BR-IX, CIX, DIX, GIGAPIX, GR-IX, SFINX, TOPIX, VIX, VSIX, etc).  According to the Euro-IX Benchmarking Club Report Round 15 (2020), CATNIX is #62 (of 215) in number of participants in Europe (46 ASNs).  Its traffic is equivalent to other internet exchanges of the same size (100 Gbps peak traffic).  Our members decide what they want us to do: Technical and Strategic Commission.
  • 10. Iporium CTTI CATNIX: Current members Orange 1 Gbps Sarenet T-Systems Telefónica Colt Adam Google VozTelecom Acens Nexica Orange-BS Equinix RedIRIS Adamo Claranet Guifi.net Airenetworks Hurricane Electric Altecom Vodafone 2 – 3 Gbps 10 Gbps Microsoft Bitnap Sered Cloudflare E-ports NTT Akamai Andorra Telecom Eurona 20 – 30 Gbps IMI Altercom21 EveryWAN Vola x2 x2 40 Gbps Subspace Operadors.cat Evolutio
  • 11. 9 12 14 18 17 21 20 19 19 22 24 25 25 26 25 26 30 35 36 36 38 38 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 # Entities 0 1500 3000 4500 6000 7500 9000 10500 12000 13500 15000 16500 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Traffic (TB) CATNIX Evolution 4.63% 3.90% 1 Gbps 100 – 999 Mbps 8 – 99Mbps < 6 Mbps 2016 19,938.94 2017 41,399.63 2018 92,556.93 2019 117,264.79 2020 152,889.69 2 – 3 Gbps 18.97% 5.54% CATNIX 10 Gbps 20 Gbps 40 Gbps Services 46 ASN!
  • 12. Traffic Evolution Peak Traffic Restricted 2016, 10 Gbps 2017, 20 Gbps 2018, 40 Gbps 2020, 80 Gbps 2019, 60 Gbps
  • 13. Prices Evolution Restricted 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Fees evolution New member fee 1 Gbps 10 Gbps Additional VLAN Additional rack unit Extension 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 New member fee 1954,6 1954,6 1954,6 n/a 200 1 Gbps 433,89 300 300 300 200 200 10 Gbps 867,88 867,88 700 700 650 500 100 Gbps n/a n/a n/a 3900 3900 2900 Additional VLAN 118,88 118,88 118,88 118,88 118,88 118,88 Additional rack unit 34,09 34,09 34,09 34,09 34,09 34,09 Extension 50 50 50 0 0 0
  • 14. Evolution of the Peering Platform 2008-2016 2016-2020 What next? Switches Cisco Catalyst 4507 Sup6E Arista 7280SE Arista 7504R and 7280SR Switching capacity 320 Gbps 1.44 Tbps 38 Tbps 2.16 Tbps Oversubscription Yes No No Deep Buffers No Yes Yes 10 Gbps ports 40 72 ≥48 ≥176 40 Gbps ports    100 Gbps ports  2 6 32  Currently upgrading the switching platforms.
  • 16. Peering: two flavours  Bi-lateral  Through one of the three route-servers: • Campus Nord: bird on a VM. • bitNAP: Cisco ISR443. • Equinix: GoBGPd on a VM  Bio-diversity: The route-servers infrastructure is completely independent in each node.
  • 17. Enhanced Security: Blackholing Service  Useful to mitigate DDoS attacks at the IX.  Members can simply label their attacked prefixes in bilateral peerings and through the route servers.  We use RFC7999 (blackhole community): BLACKHOLE (= 0xFFFF029A)  The traffic directed to the attacked host is dropped at the IX, avoiding the congestion in the member’s link at CATNIX. Restricted
  • 18. Security and Resiliency: RPKI Filtering in all the Route Servers  Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) is a cryptographic method for signing records that associates a BGP route with its autonomous system number (AS).  BGP does not provide a security system to ensure that the network announcement via the protocol BGP is from the correct original AS. This relationship is defined as Route Origin Authorization (ROA).  CATNIX has the ability on the three RPKI route-servers, to ensure the relationship between the network and the source AS and thus implement security for all participants who are part of the IX. Restricted
  • 19. Myportal  CATNIX members have a private space called My portal. This portal includes tools to check the quality of the service, such as a weathermap, traffic volume information, collision and CRC statistics, a peering matrix, the Looking Glass service, the Ookla speed test, the M-Lab node, NDT, etc. Restricted
  • 20. Myportal: Automatically Changing the MAC Address Filters Restricted
  • 21. Quality of Service Measurement  CATNIX measures the following parameters for each port: • Input and output traffic, indicating peaks • CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) • Collision • Announced prefixes  These measures are used by the technical team to proactively detect incidents and prevent an impact on the service.  Links between nodes are also monitored and upgraded when necessary to avoid any risk of congestion.  CATNIX reports all the operations carried out on the infrastructure and services, whether they have affected the availability of the services or not, information on interruptions or incidents when applicable and number of congestions detected (if any) at the Technical Commission meetings, twice a year.  The objective is to be as transparent as possible. Restricted
  • 22. Mutually Agreed Norms for Routing Security Let’s talk about manners https://www.manrs.org/
  • 23. CATNIX, Full Member of MANRS as an IXP  MANRS improves the security and reliability of the global Internet routing system, based on collaboration among participants and shared responsibility for the Internet infrastructure.  CATNIX is already MANRS compliant. Protect the Peering Platform The IXP has a published policy of traffic not allowed on the peering fabric and performs filtering of such traffic. Promote MANRS* Four options including (a) assistance in maintaining records, (b) assistance in implementing operator Actions, (c) indicating MANRS membership, and (d) incentives for MANRS readiness Filtering* The IXP implements filtering of route announcements at the Route Server based on routing information data (IRR and/or RPKI) Monitoring & Debugging The IXP provides a looking glass for its members. . Global Communi- cation The IXP facilitates communication among members by providing necessary mailing lists, and member directories. * Mandatory
  • 24. Automation: Information about the members in JSON format  It includes data about the internet exchange and its members, in order to facilitate the automation of the configuration: – Name – Peering Policy – URL – Contact telephone – Bandwidth at CATNIX – … Information about 46 AS available. http://www.catnix.net/participants.json CATNIX is in the official page of the Euro-IX JSON schema. https://github.com/euro-ix/json-schemas
  • 26. Additional Services 1. Network Diagnosis: • Speedtest • M-lab • RIPE Atlas • RIPE Anchor • RIPE RIS • Looking-glass 2. DNS root servers 3. NTP servers 4. GGC 5. PCH/Quad9 6. ServiceDesk 7. PeeringDB 8. Out-of-band 9. Research and education synergies Restricted
  • 27. Monitoring and Debugging  bird-lg looking-glass:  Command history.  Bgpmap to draw maps.  It performs 'whois' queries to give information about routes and AS.  Accessible from any device.
  • 28. DNS Root Servers  8 DNS root-servers at CATNIX. Restricted http://www.root-servers.org D (University of Maryland): PCH E (NASA): PCH & Cloudflare F (ISC): ISC (x2) & Cloudflare J (Verisign): Verisign* K (RIPE NCC): RIPE NCC (through Services router) L (ICANN): ICANN (through Services router)
  • 29. View from RIPE Atlas  All root servers at CATNIX are less than 2 ms away from the members, most of them are less than 1 ms (view from AS13041) Restricted
  • 30. NTP Servers  Equinix, NTP Meinberg M200 • GPS • Clock ELX800/GPS M2x • Antenna  Campus Nord, NTP Meinberg M300 • GPS • Oscillator TCXO • Antenna
  • 31. Service Desk, in Service Restricted
  • 32.  We provide our members the necessary information to update PeeringDB Restricted PeeringDB
  • 33. Research and Education Synergies: LISP Pilot Network Project (2014-2020)  The LISP Beta Network* was a multi- company multi-vendor effort to research real-world behavior of the LISP Protocol.  LISP DDT was a hierarchical and distributed database that provided a mapping EID/RLOC.  The node at CATNIX was the root.  It helped testing the protocol and turning it into a mature technology, with significant impact on the field of private VPNs and mobility.  https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8111 Restricted *Participants: • CATNIX: BT, Equinix, ICANN, ISC, Microsoft, NTT • Other: Cisco, Facebook, KPN, NYU, Partan, TaTa, TCH, Qwest, UCLA, UOregon, UPC…
  • 34. Other activities at CSUC & CATNIX
  • 35. The Internet Community Restricted  Presentations at CATNIX meetings  NetBCN  ESNOG  Euro-IX  RIPE Meetings  RIPE training courses  European Peering Forum  Other activities
  • 36. Euro-IX, Working for an Agile Internet in Europe and the World (IX-F)
  • 37. 30th Euro-IX Forum (I)  2017, in Barcelona  Hosted by CATNIX  132 attendees from 64 organizations Restricted
  • 38. Follow us on Twitter @CATNIX_info Restricted
  • 39. Communication Workspace in Slack Restricted
  • 40. Other activities at CSUC & CATNIX (I) Restricted Cisco award for digital innovation during “La nit de les Telecomunicacions i la Informàtica” for CSUC, mention to CATNIX, 2017. Visit of 4 teams of the Technovation Challenge. Girls for a change, 2019. Organisation of the Autumn School “The Challenges of Internet Governance” with IBEI and ICANN, 2018. Round table on Inclusivity: women in networking, 2020. 20th anniversary Beer&Talk and visit to UB, 2019. Open days for the Internet Day and the Science week, every year.
  • 41. 20 Years of CATNIX  CATNIX is a meeting point, a place with an intense activity  Proximity / Interconnection / Collaboration / Movement  Experts in the territory and in innovation  Emphasizing the “C” for CATNIX, Catalonia, Connection  Going up Restricted
  • 44. Thanks for your attention! Questions? mariaisabel.gandia@csuc.cat