Slides are prepared for MBS I Sem (Organizational Behavior), Tribhuvan University. (Credits: Robbins & Judge, McShane & Glinow, Kolasa, B. J.)

1. Unit: 2 Foundations of individual
Behavior (Lecture Hour 2)
- Personal Factors, Environmental Factors,
Organizational Systems and Resources
- Models of Individual Behavior
Sharing by
Bhuwan R Chataut
Faculty – Shanker Dev Campus, TU

2. • Review the Foundations of Organizational
Behavior.
“Individual differences”
2
Bhuwan R Chataut~ Faculty
@ShankerDevCampusTU
5/5/2020

3. Bhuwan R Chataut~ Faculty
@ShankerDevCampusTU
35/5/2020

4. People work individually.
They work in a group.
They work with the organizaition.
• Social psychologist Kurt Lewin has conducted;
considerable research into the human behavior
and its causes.
• He believes that people are influenced by a
number of diversified factors, which can
be both genetic and environmental.
4
Bhuwan R Chataut~ Faculty
@ShankerDevCampusTU
5/5/2020

5. • Social psychologists believe that human
behavior is determined by both a person’s
characteristics and the social situation.
• Social psychology is largely the study of the
social situation. Our social situations
create social influence—the process through
which other people change our thoughts,
feelings, and behaviors and through which we
change theirs. (changes on one anothers’)
5
Bhuwan R Chataut~ Faculty
@ShankerDevCampusTU
5/5/2020

6. • Kurt Lewin formalized the joint influence of
person variables and situational variables,
which is known as the person-situation
interaction, in an important equation:
Behavior = f (person, social situation)
• Lewin’s equation indicates that the behavior
of a given person at any given time is a
function of (depends on) both the
characteristics of the person and the influence
of the social situation.
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Bhuwan R Chataut~ Faculty
@ShankerDevCampusTU
5/5/2020

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Bhuwan R Chataut~ Faculty
@ShankerDevCampusTU
5/5/2020

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Bhuwan R Chataut~ Faculty
@ShankerDevCampusTU
5/5/2020

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Bhuwan R Chataut~ Faculty
@ShankerDevCampusTU
5/5/2020

10. Models of Individual Behavior
1. Traditional Model
2. Behavior Model
3. Behavior as an input-output
4. MARS Model for Individual Behavior
5. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
6. Others
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Bhuwan R Chataut~ Faculty
@ShankerDevCampusTU
5/5/2020

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Bhuwan R Chataut~ Faculty
@ShankerDevCampusTU
5/5/2020

12. Here, “O - organism” is affected by VANE – values,
attitudes, needs and expectations. 125/5/2020

13. Behavior as an Input-Output System
presented by Blair J. Kolasa
Author of Introduction of Behavioural Science for Business (1969)
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Bhuwan R Chataut~ Faculty
@ShankerDevCampusTU
5/5/2020

14. MARS Model for Individual Behavior
(McShane & Glinow)
• MARS Model seeks to explain individual behavior as a
result of internal and external factors or influences
acting together.
• The acronym MARS stands for motivation, ability, role
perceptions and situational factors.
• All the above four factors are critical and influence the
individual behavior and performance, if any one of
them is low in a given situation the employee will
perform poorly. These are seen as the four major
factors in determining individual behavior and results.
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Bhuwan R Chataut~ Faculty
@ShankerDevCampusTU
5/5/2020

15. MARS Model for Individual Behavior
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Bhuwan R Chataut~ Faculty
@ShankerDevCampusTU
5/5/2020

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Bhuwan R Chataut~ Faculty
@ShankerDevCampusTU
5/5/2020

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Bhuwan R Chataut~ Faculty
@ShankerDevCampusTU
5/5/2020