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Big Data
A Brief (ish) History of…
C 18,000 BCE
• Humans use tally sticks to
record data for the first time.
These are used to track
trading activity and record
inventory.
C 2400 BCE
• The abacus is developed,
and the first libraries are
built in Babylonia
300 BCE – 48 AD
• The Library of Alexandria is
the world’s largest data
storage center – until it is
destroyed by the Romans.
100 AD – 200 AD
• The Antikythera Mechanism
– the first mechanical
computer – is developed in
Greece
1663
• John Graunt conducts the first
recorded statistical-analysis
experiments in an attempt to
curb the spread of the bubonic
plague in Europe
1865
• The term “business
intelligence” is used by
Richard Millar Devens in his
Encyclopaedia of Commercial
and Business Anecdotes
1881
• Herman Hollerith creates the
Hollerith Tabulating Machine
which uses punch cards to
vastly reduce the workload of
the US Census.
1926
• Nikola Tesla predicts that in
the future, a man will be able
to access and analyze vast
amounts of data using a
device small enough to fit in
his pocket.
1928
• Fritz Pfleumer creates a
method of storing data
magnetically, which forms
basis of modern digital data
storage technology.
1944
• Fremont Rider speculates that
Yale Library will contain 200
million books stored on 6,000
miles of shelves, by 2040.
1958
• Hans Peter Luhn defines
Business Intelligence as “the
ability to apprehend the
interrelationships of presented
facts in such a way as to
guide action towards a
desired goal.”
1965
• The US Government plans the
world’s first data center to store
742 million tax returns and 175
million sets of fingerprints on
magnetic tape.
1970
• Relational Database model
developed by IBM mathematician
Edgar F Codd. The Hierarchal file
system allows records to be
accessed using a simple index
system. This means anyone can
use databases, not just computer
scientists.
1976
• Material Requirements
Planning (MRP) systems are
commonly used in business.
Computer and data storage is
used for everyday routine
tasks.
1989
• Early use of term Big Data in
magazine article by fiction
author Erik Larson –
commenting on advertisers’
use of data to target
customers.
1991
• The birth of the internet.
Anyone can now go online and
upload their own data, or
analyze data uploaded by
other people.
1996
• The price of digital storage
falls to the point where it is
more cost-effective than
paper.
1997
• Google launch their search
engine which will quickly
become the most popular in the
world.
• Michael Lesk estimates the
digital universe is increasing
tenfold in size every year.
1999
• First use of the term Big Data in
an academic paper – Visually
Exploring Gigabyte Datasets in
Realtime (ACM)
• First use of term Internet of
Things, in a business presentation
by Kevin Ashton to Procter and
Gamble.
2001
• Three “Vs” of Big Data –
Volume, Velocity, Variety –
defined by Doug Laney
2005
• Hadoop – an open source Big
Data framework now developed
by Apache – is developed.
• The birth of “Web 2.0 – the user-
generated web”.
2008
• Globally 9.57 zettabytes (9.57
trillion gigabytes) of information
is processed by the world’s
CPUs.
• An estimated 14.7 exabytes of
new information is produced
this year.
2009
• The average US company with
over 1,000 employees is storing
more than 200 terabytes of data
according to the report Big Data:
The Next Frontier for Innovation,
Competition and Productivity by
McKinsey Global Institute.
2010
• Eric Schmidt, executive
chairman of Google, tells a
conference that as much data
is now being created every two
days, as was created from the
beginning of human civilization
to the year 2003.
2011
• The McKinsey report states that by
2018 the US will face a shortfall of
between 140,000 and 190,000
professional data scientists, and
warns that issues including privacy,
security and intellectual property will
have to be resolved before the full
value of Big Data will be realised.
2014
• Mobile internet use overtakes
desktop for the first time
• 88% of executives responding
to an international survey by
GE say that big data analysis is
a top priority
2015
• The data volumes are
exploding, more data has been
created in the past two years
than in the entire previous
history of the human race.
A Brief History of Big Data
A Brief History of Big Data

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A Brief History of Big Data

  • 1. Big Data A Brief (ish) History of…
  • 2. C 18,000 BCE • Humans use tally sticks to record data for the first time. These are used to track trading activity and record inventory.
  • 3. C 2400 BCE • The abacus is developed, and the first libraries are built in Babylonia
  • 4. 300 BCE – 48 AD • The Library of Alexandria is the world’s largest data storage center – until it is destroyed by the Romans.
  • 5. 100 AD – 200 AD • The Antikythera Mechanism – the first mechanical computer – is developed in Greece
  • 6. 1663 • John Graunt conducts the first recorded statistical-analysis experiments in an attempt to curb the spread of the bubonic plague in Europe
  • 7. 1865 • The term “business intelligence” is used by Richard Millar Devens in his Encyclopaedia of Commercial and Business Anecdotes
  • 8. 1881 • Herman Hollerith creates the Hollerith Tabulating Machine which uses punch cards to vastly reduce the workload of the US Census.
  • 9. 1926 • Nikola Tesla predicts that in the future, a man will be able to access and analyze vast amounts of data using a device small enough to fit in his pocket.
  • 10. 1928 • Fritz Pfleumer creates a method of storing data magnetically, which forms basis of modern digital data storage technology.
  • 11. 1944 • Fremont Rider speculates that Yale Library will contain 200 million books stored on 6,000 miles of shelves, by 2040.
  • 12. 1958 • Hans Peter Luhn defines Business Intelligence as “the ability to apprehend the interrelationships of presented facts in such a way as to guide action towards a desired goal.”
  • 13. 1965 • The US Government plans the world’s first data center to store 742 million tax returns and 175 million sets of fingerprints on magnetic tape.
  • 14. 1970 • Relational Database model developed by IBM mathematician Edgar F Codd. The Hierarchal file system allows records to be accessed using a simple index system. This means anyone can use databases, not just computer scientists.
  • 15. 1976 • Material Requirements Planning (MRP) systems are commonly used in business. Computer and data storage is used for everyday routine tasks.
  • 16. 1989 • Early use of term Big Data in magazine article by fiction author Erik Larson – commenting on advertisers’ use of data to target customers.
  • 17. 1991 • The birth of the internet. Anyone can now go online and upload their own data, or analyze data uploaded by other people.
  • 18. 1996 • The price of digital storage falls to the point where it is more cost-effective than paper.
  • 19. 1997 • Google launch their search engine which will quickly become the most popular in the world. • Michael Lesk estimates the digital universe is increasing tenfold in size every year.
  • 20. 1999 • First use of the term Big Data in an academic paper – Visually Exploring Gigabyte Datasets in Realtime (ACM) • First use of term Internet of Things, in a business presentation by Kevin Ashton to Procter and Gamble.
  • 21. 2001 • Three “Vs” of Big Data – Volume, Velocity, Variety – defined by Doug Laney
  • 22. 2005 • Hadoop – an open source Big Data framework now developed by Apache – is developed. • The birth of “Web 2.0 – the user- generated web”.
  • 23. 2008 • Globally 9.57 zettabytes (9.57 trillion gigabytes) of information is processed by the world’s CPUs. • An estimated 14.7 exabytes of new information is produced this year.
  • 24. 2009 • The average US company with over 1,000 employees is storing more than 200 terabytes of data according to the report Big Data: The Next Frontier for Innovation, Competition and Productivity by McKinsey Global Institute.
  • 25. 2010 • Eric Schmidt, executive chairman of Google, tells a conference that as much data is now being created every two days, as was created from the beginning of human civilization to the year 2003.
  • 26. 2011 • The McKinsey report states that by 2018 the US will face a shortfall of between 140,000 and 190,000 professional data scientists, and warns that issues including privacy, security and intellectual property will have to be resolved before the full value of Big Data will be realised.
  • 27. 2014 • Mobile internet use overtakes desktop for the first time • 88% of executives responding to an international survey by GE say that big data analysis is a top priority
  • 28. 2015 • The data volumes are exploding, more data has been created in the past two years than in the entire previous history of the human race.