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Three pillars for
building a Smart
Data Ecosystem:
Trust, Security and
Privacy
27/10/20201
Marketplaces
Semantics
Security, Privacy
and Trust
i3-MARKET Webinar
https://www.i3-market.eu/
+
Agenda
2 27/10/2020
 The i3-Market Project: A brief introduction
 TRUST: Everything under control
 SECURITY: Unlock data with a key
 PRIVACY: Meet and overcome GDPR
 Q&A
i3Market Project
A brief introduction
3 27/10/2020
+
i3-Market Project
4 27/10/2020
i3-market leverages the
blockchain technologies to
build a trusted, secure,
interoperable and
decentralised Backplane
paying special attention in
regulatory aspects around
sensitive data assets
i3-market aims to connect
Data Marketplaces from
different countries and
businesses as the initial
step towards a smart data
economy
+
From Big Data to Smart Data
5 27/10/2020
TRUST
Everything Under Control
6 27/10/2020
+
When we trust someone/something?
7 27/10/2020
+
What should we trust?
8 27/10/2020
Consensus-based Governance
Tamper-proof Ledger
Non-repudiation protocol
Verifiable Credentials
Transactions
Identity
Accounting
Governance
+
Blockchain technologies
9 27/10/2020
Consensus-based Governance
Changes to the system must be approved by all the nodes
Tamper-proof Ledger
Transactions are recorded in a chain of related block
and a malicious attack would broken chain integrity
Cryptographic keys
All transaction are signed with Cryptographic keys
which provide security and reliablility
Verifiable credentials
All stakeholders are identified by tamper-evident credentials
that has authorship that can be cryptographically verified.
Non-repudiation protocol
Data exchanges and payments are made through a P2P
communication protocol with cryptographically signed proofs
+
Verifiable Credentials
10 27/10/2020
Issuer: did:eth:0xk7bhac37c498d8e2386....
Role: Data Consumer
Country: Italy
Business: Automotive
Verifiable Data Registry
id: did:eth:0xk7bhac37c498d8e2386....
Public Key: H3C2AVvLMv6gmMNa...
Role: Data Marketplace
Country: Spain
Business: Automotive
id: did:eth:0xt3noiz45c744....
Public Key: did:eth:0xt3noi....
Role: Data Marketplace
Country: Germany
Business: Health
ISSUE ISSUE
PRESENT
VERIFY VERIFY
Issuer: did:eth:0xt3noiz45c744....
Role: Data Provider
Country: Italy
Business: Health
+
Non-repudiation protocol
11 27/10/2020
id: #X,
src: ProviderId,
dst: ConsumerId,
timestamp: TSo,
dataDescription: description,
dataCommitment: hash(data),
SCommitment: hash(secret),
encryptedData: C
Proof of Origin (PoO)
Proof of Reception (PoR)
id: #X,
src: ProviderId,
dst: ConsumerId,
timestamp: TSr,
dataDescription: description,
dataCommitment: hash(data),
SCommitment: hash(secret),
encryptedData: C
Auditable Accounting Registry
VERIFY
ACCOUNT
VALIDATE
VALIDATE
id, PoO, PoR, PoS
id, secret
id: #X,
src: ProviderId,
dst: ConsumerId,
timestamp: TSs,
encryptedData: S
Proof of Secret (PoS)
VERIFY
Public Blockchain
SECURITY
Unlock the data with a key
12 27/10/2020
+ Blockchain Basics
13 27/10/2020
Nodes
Check validity of transactions
towards their version of the
ledger.
Form new blocks.
“users”: transactions events
“ledger”
Produce transactions.
Send them to the network.
Ownership of assets is
proven by a cryptographic
signature


Blocks are validated as
honest or rejected.
Miners agree on the
ledger through a
consensus mechanism.
network
+
Security
14 27/10/2020
+
Security
15 27/10/2020
+
Security
16 27/10/2020
+
Hardware wallet
 Secure Element (tamper-resistant hardware
platform)
 Common Criteria security evaluation EAL5+
 Capable of
 Securely host applications and keys (against software and
hardware attacks)
 Provides cryptographic functionalities
17 27/10/2020
+
Hardware wallet
 Blockchain compatible
 Support blockchain’s cryptographic algorithms
 Support Hierarchical Deterministic Wallet (HD Wallet)
application (BIP32, BIP44)
18 27/10/2020
+
Form factors
19 27/10/2020
Tap & Sign
Your SIM is your Key
+
Cherry on the cake
20 27/10/2020
Unlock your key with your biometry
PRIVACY
Meet and overcome GDPR
21 27/10/2020
+
Data
minimization
User consent
Accountability
Privacy by
design
Secure Data
Transfers
GDPR Technology Requirements
27/10/2020
Self-Sovereign
Identities:
•Decentralized Identifiers
•Verifiable Credentials
•Selective Disclosure
Explicit User
Consent
Auditable
Accounting
i3-market Privacy Pillars
GDPR blockchain
22
+
How many identities do we have? Who has
control over them?
 People have many online personas at many organizations
 Federated auth. (OAuth2, OIDC) partially solves the
problem
 IdPs manage user identities
 censorship
 surveillance → bad for privacy!
23 27/10/2020
I have to update my
email account
everywhere
Lots of sites
to hack!
 Users must have a stable
identifier created by
themselves
 They must manage (verified)
claims about their identity
 They must manage what
information to share at every
interaction
Give control back to users
+
Self sovereign identity
24 27/10/2020
Issuer: did:eth:0xk7bhac37c498d8e2386....
Subject: did:eth:0xf3beacff02a498d93f79a....
Role: Car Owner
Name: Mario
Surname: Rossi
Country: Italy
Age: 58
id: did:eth:0xf3beacff02a498d93f79a....
Public Key: 0xf3beacff02a498d93f79a...
Claim Holder
Credential Issuer
Local Storage
id: did:eth:0xk7bhac37c498d8e2386....
Public Key: H3C2AVvLMv6gmMNa...
Role: Data Marketplace
Country: Spain
Business: Automotive
Verifiable credentials
+
Selective disclosure
25 27/10/2020
Issuer: did:eth:0xk7bhac37c498d8e2386....
Subject: did:eth:0xf3beacff02a498d93f79a....
Role: Data Owner
Name: Mario
Surname: Rossi
Country: Italy
Age: 58
id: did:eth:0xf3beacff02a498d93f79a....
Public Key: 0xf3beacff02a498d93f79a...
Data Owner
Data Marketplace
Data Provider
Issuer: did:eth:0xk7bh....
Role: Data Owner
Country: Italy
Age: >18
Issuer: did:eth:0xk7bh....
Role: Data Owner
role?
role, age, country?
id: did:eth:0xt3noiz45c744....
Public Key: did:eth:0xt3noi....
Role: Data Marketplace
Country: Germany
Business: Health
Issuer: did:eth:0xt3noiz45c744....
Role: Data Provider
Country: Italy
Business: Health
GDPR: Data Minimization
• personal data must be “collected
for specified, explicit and
legitimate purposes” and it must
be “adequate, relevant and not
excessive in relation to the
purposes for which they are
collected and/or further
processed”.
Art. 6.1 Dir. 95/46/EC and
Art. 4.1 Reg. EC 45/2001
Data
minimization
Less sensitive
information stored
Reduced impact
of data leaks
Less interest for
attackers
Reduced security-level
compliance required
Less cost
27/10/202026
+
Explicit user consent
i3-market solution:
 Explicit user consent is issued by the data subject in the form of a verifiable
credential (W3C VC).
 The consent can be easily verified but cannot be faked or mangled
 i3-market operation will prevent the data exchange without the proper consents
 The data subject can withdraw his or her consent at any time
27 27/10/2020
• The controller shall be able to demonstrate that the data subject has consented to processing
of his or her personal data.
• The data subject shall have the right to withdraw his or her consent at any time.
GDPR Article 7
+
Auditable Accounting
 Accounting of selected operations:
 Access, modification, deletion of sensitive data
 Payment data
 Contractual agreements
 Reliable, privacy-guaranteed proofs of data exchange
will support any future claim regarding a data trade
 Proofs cannot be repudiated by the involved stake
holders
 Backed up by a public blockchain the accounting
cannot can not be faked or tampered
Data
Owner
Data
Consumer
Data
Provider
blockchain
signed
actions
27/10/202028
+
29

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Three pillars for building a Smart Data Ecosystem: Trust, Security and Privacy

  • 1. Three pillars for building a Smart Data Ecosystem: Trust, Security and Privacy 27/10/20201 Marketplaces Semantics Security, Privacy and Trust i3-MARKET Webinar https://www.i3-market.eu/
  • 2. + Agenda 2 27/10/2020  The i3-Market Project: A brief introduction  TRUST: Everything under control  SECURITY: Unlock data with a key  PRIVACY: Meet and overcome GDPR  Q&A
  • 3. i3Market Project A brief introduction 3 27/10/2020
  • 4. + i3-Market Project 4 27/10/2020 i3-market leverages the blockchain technologies to build a trusted, secure, interoperable and decentralised Backplane paying special attention in regulatory aspects around sensitive data assets i3-market aims to connect Data Marketplaces from different countries and businesses as the initial step towards a smart data economy
  • 5. + From Big Data to Smart Data 5 27/10/2020
  • 7. + When we trust someone/something? 7 27/10/2020
  • 8. + What should we trust? 8 27/10/2020 Consensus-based Governance Tamper-proof Ledger Non-repudiation protocol Verifiable Credentials Transactions Identity Accounting Governance
  • 9. + Blockchain technologies 9 27/10/2020 Consensus-based Governance Changes to the system must be approved by all the nodes Tamper-proof Ledger Transactions are recorded in a chain of related block and a malicious attack would broken chain integrity Cryptographic keys All transaction are signed with Cryptographic keys which provide security and reliablility Verifiable credentials All stakeholders are identified by tamper-evident credentials that has authorship that can be cryptographically verified. Non-repudiation protocol Data exchanges and payments are made through a P2P communication protocol with cryptographically signed proofs
  • 10. + Verifiable Credentials 10 27/10/2020 Issuer: did:eth:0xk7bhac37c498d8e2386.... Role: Data Consumer Country: Italy Business: Automotive Verifiable Data Registry id: did:eth:0xk7bhac37c498d8e2386.... Public Key: H3C2AVvLMv6gmMNa... Role: Data Marketplace Country: Spain Business: Automotive id: did:eth:0xt3noiz45c744.... Public Key: did:eth:0xt3noi.... Role: Data Marketplace Country: Germany Business: Health ISSUE ISSUE PRESENT VERIFY VERIFY Issuer: did:eth:0xt3noiz45c744.... Role: Data Provider Country: Italy Business: Health
  • 11. + Non-repudiation protocol 11 27/10/2020 id: #X, src: ProviderId, dst: ConsumerId, timestamp: TSo, dataDescription: description, dataCommitment: hash(data), SCommitment: hash(secret), encryptedData: C Proof of Origin (PoO) Proof of Reception (PoR) id: #X, src: ProviderId, dst: ConsumerId, timestamp: TSr, dataDescription: description, dataCommitment: hash(data), SCommitment: hash(secret), encryptedData: C Auditable Accounting Registry VERIFY ACCOUNT VALIDATE VALIDATE id, PoO, PoR, PoS id, secret id: #X, src: ProviderId, dst: ConsumerId, timestamp: TSs, encryptedData: S Proof of Secret (PoS) VERIFY Public Blockchain
  • 12. SECURITY Unlock the data with a key 12 27/10/2020
  • 13. + Blockchain Basics 13 27/10/2020 Nodes Check validity of transactions towards their version of the ledger. Form new blocks. “users”: transactions events “ledger” Produce transactions. Send them to the network. Ownership of assets is proven by a cryptographic signature   Blocks are validated as honest or rejected. Miners agree on the ledger through a consensus mechanism. network
  • 17. + Hardware wallet  Secure Element (tamper-resistant hardware platform)  Common Criteria security evaluation EAL5+  Capable of  Securely host applications and keys (against software and hardware attacks)  Provides cryptographic functionalities 17 27/10/2020
  • 18. + Hardware wallet  Blockchain compatible  Support blockchain’s cryptographic algorithms  Support Hierarchical Deterministic Wallet (HD Wallet) application (BIP32, BIP44) 18 27/10/2020
  • 19. + Form factors 19 27/10/2020 Tap & Sign Your SIM is your Key
  • 20. + Cherry on the cake 20 27/10/2020 Unlock your key with your biometry
  • 21. PRIVACY Meet and overcome GDPR 21 27/10/2020
  • 22. + Data minimization User consent Accountability Privacy by design Secure Data Transfers GDPR Technology Requirements 27/10/2020 Self-Sovereign Identities: •Decentralized Identifiers •Verifiable Credentials •Selective Disclosure Explicit User Consent Auditable Accounting i3-market Privacy Pillars GDPR blockchain 22
  • 23. + How many identities do we have? Who has control over them?  People have many online personas at many organizations  Federated auth. (OAuth2, OIDC) partially solves the problem  IdPs manage user identities  censorship  surveillance → bad for privacy! 23 27/10/2020 I have to update my email account everywhere Lots of sites to hack!  Users must have a stable identifier created by themselves  They must manage (verified) claims about their identity  They must manage what information to share at every interaction Give control back to users
  • 24. + Self sovereign identity 24 27/10/2020 Issuer: did:eth:0xk7bhac37c498d8e2386.... Subject: did:eth:0xf3beacff02a498d93f79a.... Role: Car Owner Name: Mario Surname: Rossi Country: Italy Age: 58 id: did:eth:0xf3beacff02a498d93f79a.... Public Key: 0xf3beacff02a498d93f79a... Claim Holder Credential Issuer Local Storage id: did:eth:0xk7bhac37c498d8e2386.... Public Key: H3C2AVvLMv6gmMNa... Role: Data Marketplace Country: Spain Business: Automotive Verifiable credentials
  • 25. + Selective disclosure 25 27/10/2020 Issuer: did:eth:0xk7bhac37c498d8e2386.... Subject: did:eth:0xf3beacff02a498d93f79a.... Role: Data Owner Name: Mario Surname: Rossi Country: Italy Age: 58 id: did:eth:0xf3beacff02a498d93f79a.... Public Key: 0xf3beacff02a498d93f79a... Data Owner Data Marketplace Data Provider Issuer: did:eth:0xk7bh.... Role: Data Owner Country: Italy Age: >18 Issuer: did:eth:0xk7bh.... Role: Data Owner role? role, age, country? id: did:eth:0xt3noiz45c744.... Public Key: did:eth:0xt3noi.... Role: Data Marketplace Country: Germany Business: Health Issuer: did:eth:0xt3noiz45c744.... Role: Data Provider Country: Italy Business: Health
  • 26. GDPR: Data Minimization • personal data must be “collected for specified, explicit and legitimate purposes” and it must be “adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the purposes for which they are collected and/or further processed”. Art. 6.1 Dir. 95/46/EC and Art. 4.1 Reg. EC 45/2001 Data minimization Less sensitive information stored Reduced impact of data leaks Less interest for attackers Reduced security-level compliance required Less cost 27/10/202026
  • 27. + Explicit user consent i3-market solution:  Explicit user consent is issued by the data subject in the form of a verifiable credential (W3C VC).  The consent can be easily verified but cannot be faked or mangled  i3-market operation will prevent the data exchange without the proper consents  The data subject can withdraw his or her consent at any time 27 27/10/2020 • The controller shall be able to demonstrate that the data subject has consented to processing of his or her personal data. • The data subject shall have the right to withdraw his or her consent at any time. GDPR Article 7
  • 28. + Auditable Accounting  Accounting of selected operations:  Access, modification, deletion of sensitive data  Payment data  Contractual agreements  Reliable, privacy-guaranteed proofs of data exchange will support any future claim regarding a data trade  Proofs cannot be repudiated by the involved stake holders  Backed up by a public blockchain the accounting cannot can not be faked or tampered Data Owner Data Consumer Data Provider blockchain signed actions 27/10/202028
  • 29. + 29

Notas del editor

  1. People have hundreds of online personas at hundreds of organizations. People maintain (or should have to) many passwords to interact with many systems. These ‘silos’ become gold mines to hackers and toxic liabilities for anyone obligated to store the data. If you need to change your address or update a credit card, you need to deal with each of these hundreds of systems. Federated authentication/authorization partially solves the problem Sites delegate authentication of users to third party identity providers (OAuth2, OIDC) However, our identity is controlled by others IdP can control how, where and with what purpose an identity is used censorship surveillance Only low impact use case, e.g. not healthcare