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Lecture 5 Introduction to Physical Therapy
INTRODUCTION TO
PHYSIOTHERAPY
PRACTICE
AVANIANBAN CHAKKARAPANI
Lecture 5
6.2.2015
8.30 to 9.30 am, LT2
PHYSIOTHERAPY/
PHYSICAL THERAPY
Contents
1. The nature and scope of Physiotherapy practice, world
wide and in Malaysia.
2. Boundaries of professional competence and making
referral.
3. Inter-professional approaches to health care delivery.
4. Team-working and cross-professional collaboration and
communication.
THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF
PHYSIOTHERAPY PRACTICE, WORLD
WIDE AND IN MALAYSIA.
HISTORY
World War I
28 July 1914 and lasted until 11
November 1918
World War II
from 1939 to 1945
Poliomyelitis
WORLD WAR
WORLD WAR I
HISTORY
 American physical therapists formed their first professional
association in 1921.
 American Women's Physical Therapeutic Association.
 Led by President Mary McMillan.
 By the end of the 1930s
 The Association changed its name to the American
Physiotherapy Association.
 Men were admitted, and membership grew to just under
1,000.
WORLD WAR II
Lecture 5 Introduction to Physical Therapy
POLIO
3 CONSEQUENCES
 With the advent of World War II and a
nationwide polio epidemic during the 1940s and 1950s.
 Physical therapists were in greater demand.
 The Association's membership swelled to 8,000, and the
number of physical therapy education programs across the
US increased from 16 to 39.
What is Physical Therapy
 Physical therapists have
different titles in different
countries.
 Many countries they are
called physiotherapists.
 Physical therapist.
 Kinesiologist.
What is Physical Therapy
 Physical therapists provide services
that develop, maintain and restore
people’s maximum movement and
functional ability.
 They can help people at any stage of
life, when movement and function are
threatened by ageing, injury,
diseases, disorders, conditions or
environmental factors.
 Physical therapists help people
maximise their quality of life, looking
at physical, psychological, emotional
and social wellbeing.
What is Physical Therapy
They work in the health spheres of ;
 PROMOTION;
 PREVENTION;
 ANALYSIS/ DIAGNOSIS ;
 TREATMENT/INTERVENTION;
 HABILITATION AND REHABILITATION.
PROMOTION
Promoting the health and
well being of individuals and
the general public/society,
emphasizing the importance
of physical activity and
exercise.
PREVENTION
Preventing impairments, activity
limitations, participatory restrictions
and disabilities in individuals at risk
of altered movement behaviors due
to health or medically related
factors, socio-economic stressors,
environmental factors and lifestyle
factors.
ANALYSIS/ DIAGNOSIS
 Diagnosis and prognosis arise from the examination and
evaluation and represent the outcome of the process of
clinical reasoning and the incorporation of additional
information from other professionals as needed.
 This may be expressed in terms of movement dysfunction
or may encompass categories of impairments, activity
limitations, participatory restrictions, environmental
influences or abilities/disabilities.
TREATMENT & INTERVENTION
Intervention/treatment is implemented
and modified in order to reach agreed
goals and may include manual handling;
movement enhancement; physical,
electro-therapeutic and mechanical
agents; functional training; provision of
assistive technologies; patient related
instruction and counseling;
documentation and co-ordination, and
communication. Intervention/treatment
may also be aimed at prevention of
impairments, activity limitations,
participatory restrictions, disability and
injury including the promotion and
maintenance of health, quality of life,
workability and fitness in all ages and
populations.
HABILITATION
The process of supplying a
person with the means to
develop maximum
independence, in the
Activities of Daily Living
through training or
treatment.
Mosby's Medical
Dictionary/8th edition/
2009/ Elsevier.
REHABILITATION
The physical restoration of a
sick or disabled person by
therapeutic measures and re-
education to participation in
the activities of a normal life
within the limitations of the
person's physical disability.
What a Physical Therapist can do?
 undertake a comprehensive examination/assessment of the
patient/client or needs of a client group.
 evaluate the findings from the examination/assessment to make
clinical judgments regarding patients/clients.
 formulate a diagnosis, prognosis and plan.
 provide consultation within their expertise and determine when
patients/clients need to be referred to another healthcare
professional.
 implement a physical therapist intervention/treatment programme.
 determine the outcomes of any interventions/treatments.
 make recommendations for self-management.
SCOPE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY
PRACTICE
SCOPE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY PRACTICE
The scope of physical therapy practice is not limited to direct patient/client care, but
also includes:
 public health strategies
 advocating for patients/clients and for health
 supervising and delegating to others
 leading
 managing
 teaching
 research
 developing and implementing health policy, locally, nationally and internationally
SCOPE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY PRACTICE
 Physical therapists operate as independent practitioners, as well as
members of health service provider teams, and are subject to the ethical
principles of WCPT.
 They are able to act as first contact practitioners, and patients/clients may
seek direct services without referral from another health care professional.
 The education and clinical practice of physical therapists will vary
according to the social, economic, cultural and political contexts in which
they practice.
 However, it is a single profession, and the first professional qualification,
obtained in any country, represents the completion of a curriculum that
qualifies the physical therapist to use the professional title and to practise
as an independent professional.
Where is physical therapy practised?
 Physical therapy is an essential part of the health and
community/welfare services delivery systems.
 Physical therapists practise independently of other health
care/service providers and also within interdisciplinary
rehabilitation/habilitation programmes that aim to prevent
movement disorders or maintain/restore optimal function
and quality of life in individuals with movement disorders.
 Physical therapists practise in a wide variety of settings.
Where is physical therapy practised?
 Hospitals
 Hospices
 Nursing homes
 Geriatric care centres
 Physiotherapy clinic
 Community settings
 Health/fitness/sports clubs
 Education institutions and research
Boundaries of professional competence and making referral
 An integral part of physical therapy is interaction between the physical
therapist and the patient/client/family or caregiver to develop a
mutual understanding.
 This kind of interaction is necessary to change positively the body
awareness and movement behaviours that may promote health and
wellbeing.
 Members of inter-disciplinary teams also need to interact with each
other and with patients/clients/family and caregivers to determine
needs and formulate goals for physical therapy
intervention/treatment.
 Physical therapists also interact with administration and governance
structures to inform, develop and/or implement appropriate health
policies and strategies.
Boundaries of professional competence and making referral
 Diagnosis in physical therapy is the result of a process of clinical
reasoning that results in the identification of existing or potential
impairments, activity limitations, participation restrictions,
environmental influences or abilities/disabilities.
 The purpose of the diagnosis is to guide physical therapists in
determining the prognosis and most appropriate
intervention/treatment strategies for patients/clients and in sharing
information with them.
 In carrying out the diagnostic process, physical therapists may need
to obtain additional information from other professionals.
 If the diagnostic process reveals findings that are not within the scope
of the physical therapist’s knowledge, experience or expertise, the
physical therapist will refer the patient/client to another appropriate
practitioner.
Bibliography
 World Confederation for Physical Therapy. WCPT guideline for the development of a
system of legislation/regulation/recognition of physical therapists. London, UK:
WCPT; 2011.
 World Confederation for Physical Therapy. Policy Statement: Regulation of the
physical therapy profession. London, UK: WCPT; 2011.
 World Confederation for Physical Therapy. Ethical principles. London, UK: WCPT;
2011.
 World Confederation for Physical Therapy. Policy statement: Ethical responsibilities
of physical therapists and WCPT members. London, UK: WCPT; 2011.
 World Confederation for Physical Therapy. Policy Statement: Direct access and
patient/client self-referral to physical therapy. London, UK: WCPT; 2011.
Bibliography
 World Confederation for Physical Therapy. WCPT guideline for physical therapist
professional entry level education. London, UK: WCPT; 2011.
 World Confederation for Physical Therapy. Policy statement: Education. London, UK:
WCPT; 2011.
 World Confederation for Physical Therapy. Policy statement: Autonomy. London,
UK: WCPT; 2011.
 World Health Organization. Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health
Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19-22
June, 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official
Records of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on
7 April 1948. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 1948.
 World Health Organization. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and
Health. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2001.
Bibliography
 World Confederation for Physical Therapy. Policy statement: Support personnel for
physical therapy practice. London, UK: WCPT; 2011.
 Department of Health. Self-referral pilots to musculoskeletal physiotherapy and the
implications for improving access to other AHP services. London, UK: Department of
Health; 2008.
 American Physical Therapy Association. Guide to Physical Therapist Practice.
Physical Therapy. 1997;77(11):1168-650.
 American Physical Therapy Association. Guide to Physical Therapist Practice.
Second Edition. American Physical Therapy Association. Physical Therapy2001. p.
9-746.
 World Health Organization. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability
and Health – ICF. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001.
Thank You

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Lecture 5 Introduction to Physical Therapy

  • 4. Contents 1. The nature and scope of Physiotherapy practice, world wide and in Malaysia. 2. Boundaries of professional competence and making referral. 3. Inter-professional approaches to health care delivery. 4. Team-working and cross-professional collaboration and communication.
  • 5. THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY PRACTICE, WORLD WIDE AND IN MALAYSIA.
  • 6. HISTORY World War I 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918 World War II from 1939 to 1945 Poliomyelitis
  • 8. HISTORY  American physical therapists formed their first professional association in 1921.  American Women's Physical Therapeutic Association.  Led by President Mary McMillan.  By the end of the 1930s  The Association changed its name to the American Physiotherapy Association.  Men were admitted, and membership grew to just under 1,000.
  • 11. POLIO
  • 12. 3 CONSEQUENCES  With the advent of World War II and a nationwide polio epidemic during the 1940s and 1950s.  Physical therapists were in greater demand.  The Association's membership swelled to 8,000, and the number of physical therapy education programs across the US increased from 16 to 39.
  • 13. What is Physical Therapy  Physical therapists have different titles in different countries.  Many countries they are called physiotherapists.  Physical therapist.  Kinesiologist.
  • 14. What is Physical Therapy  Physical therapists provide services that develop, maintain and restore people’s maximum movement and functional ability.  They can help people at any stage of life, when movement and function are threatened by ageing, injury, diseases, disorders, conditions or environmental factors.  Physical therapists help people maximise their quality of life, looking at physical, psychological, emotional and social wellbeing.
  • 15. What is Physical Therapy They work in the health spheres of ;  PROMOTION;  PREVENTION;  ANALYSIS/ DIAGNOSIS ;  TREATMENT/INTERVENTION;  HABILITATION AND REHABILITATION.
  • 16. PROMOTION Promoting the health and well being of individuals and the general public/society, emphasizing the importance of physical activity and exercise.
  • 17. PREVENTION Preventing impairments, activity limitations, participatory restrictions and disabilities in individuals at risk of altered movement behaviors due to health or medically related factors, socio-economic stressors, environmental factors and lifestyle factors.
  • 18. ANALYSIS/ DIAGNOSIS  Diagnosis and prognosis arise from the examination and evaluation and represent the outcome of the process of clinical reasoning and the incorporation of additional information from other professionals as needed.  This may be expressed in terms of movement dysfunction or may encompass categories of impairments, activity limitations, participatory restrictions, environmental influences or abilities/disabilities.
  • 19. TREATMENT & INTERVENTION Intervention/treatment is implemented and modified in order to reach agreed goals and may include manual handling; movement enhancement; physical, electro-therapeutic and mechanical agents; functional training; provision of assistive technologies; patient related instruction and counseling; documentation and co-ordination, and communication. Intervention/treatment may also be aimed at prevention of impairments, activity limitations, participatory restrictions, disability and injury including the promotion and maintenance of health, quality of life, workability and fitness in all ages and populations.
  • 20. HABILITATION The process of supplying a person with the means to develop maximum independence, in the Activities of Daily Living through training or treatment. Mosby's Medical Dictionary/8th edition/ 2009/ Elsevier.
  • 21. REHABILITATION The physical restoration of a sick or disabled person by therapeutic measures and re- education to participation in the activities of a normal life within the limitations of the person's physical disability.
  • 22. What a Physical Therapist can do?  undertake a comprehensive examination/assessment of the patient/client or needs of a client group.  evaluate the findings from the examination/assessment to make clinical judgments regarding patients/clients.  formulate a diagnosis, prognosis and plan.  provide consultation within their expertise and determine when patients/clients need to be referred to another healthcare professional.  implement a physical therapist intervention/treatment programme.  determine the outcomes of any interventions/treatments.  make recommendations for self-management.
  • 23. SCOPE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY PRACTICE
  • 24. SCOPE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY PRACTICE The scope of physical therapy practice is not limited to direct patient/client care, but also includes:  public health strategies  advocating for patients/clients and for health  supervising and delegating to others  leading  managing  teaching  research  developing and implementing health policy, locally, nationally and internationally
  • 25. SCOPE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY PRACTICE  Physical therapists operate as independent practitioners, as well as members of health service provider teams, and are subject to the ethical principles of WCPT.  They are able to act as first contact practitioners, and patients/clients may seek direct services without referral from another health care professional.  The education and clinical practice of physical therapists will vary according to the social, economic, cultural and political contexts in which they practice.  However, it is a single profession, and the first professional qualification, obtained in any country, represents the completion of a curriculum that qualifies the physical therapist to use the professional title and to practise as an independent professional.
  • 26. Where is physical therapy practised?  Physical therapy is an essential part of the health and community/welfare services delivery systems.  Physical therapists practise independently of other health care/service providers and also within interdisciplinary rehabilitation/habilitation programmes that aim to prevent movement disorders or maintain/restore optimal function and quality of life in individuals with movement disorders.  Physical therapists practise in a wide variety of settings.
  • 27. Where is physical therapy practised?  Hospitals  Hospices  Nursing homes  Geriatric care centres  Physiotherapy clinic  Community settings  Health/fitness/sports clubs  Education institutions and research
  • 28. Boundaries of professional competence and making referral  An integral part of physical therapy is interaction between the physical therapist and the patient/client/family or caregiver to develop a mutual understanding.  This kind of interaction is necessary to change positively the body awareness and movement behaviours that may promote health and wellbeing.  Members of inter-disciplinary teams also need to interact with each other and with patients/clients/family and caregivers to determine needs and formulate goals for physical therapy intervention/treatment.  Physical therapists also interact with administration and governance structures to inform, develop and/or implement appropriate health policies and strategies.
  • 29. Boundaries of professional competence and making referral  Diagnosis in physical therapy is the result of a process of clinical reasoning that results in the identification of existing or potential impairments, activity limitations, participation restrictions, environmental influences or abilities/disabilities.  The purpose of the diagnosis is to guide physical therapists in determining the prognosis and most appropriate intervention/treatment strategies for patients/clients and in sharing information with them.  In carrying out the diagnostic process, physical therapists may need to obtain additional information from other professionals.  If the diagnostic process reveals findings that are not within the scope of the physical therapist’s knowledge, experience or expertise, the physical therapist will refer the patient/client to another appropriate practitioner.
  • 30. Bibliography  World Confederation for Physical Therapy. WCPT guideline for the development of a system of legislation/regulation/recognition of physical therapists. London, UK: WCPT; 2011.  World Confederation for Physical Therapy. Policy Statement: Regulation of the physical therapy profession. London, UK: WCPT; 2011.  World Confederation for Physical Therapy. Ethical principles. London, UK: WCPT; 2011.  World Confederation for Physical Therapy. Policy statement: Ethical responsibilities of physical therapists and WCPT members. London, UK: WCPT; 2011.  World Confederation for Physical Therapy. Policy Statement: Direct access and patient/client self-referral to physical therapy. London, UK: WCPT; 2011.
  • 31. Bibliography  World Confederation for Physical Therapy. WCPT guideline for physical therapist professional entry level education. London, UK: WCPT; 2011.  World Confederation for Physical Therapy. Policy statement: Education. London, UK: WCPT; 2011.  World Confederation for Physical Therapy. Policy statement: Autonomy. London, UK: WCPT; 2011.  World Health Organization. Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19-22 June, 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 1948.  World Health Organization. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2001.
  • 32. Bibliography  World Confederation for Physical Therapy. Policy statement: Support personnel for physical therapy practice. London, UK: WCPT; 2011.  Department of Health. Self-referral pilots to musculoskeletal physiotherapy and the implications for improving access to other AHP services. London, UK: Department of Health; 2008.  American Physical Therapy Association. Guide to Physical Therapist Practice. Physical Therapy. 1997;77(11):1168-650.  American Physical Therapy Association. Guide to Physical Therapist Practice. Second Edition. American Physical Therapy Association. Physical Therapy2001. p. 9-746.  World Health Organization. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health – ICF. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001.