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給福嚴佛學院校友會的一封信
釋大航
諸位法師·同學:
大家一切吉祥。首先,請原諒我不得不以此方式向諸位法師傳達自己
的一些想法,其中原因想必諸位法師也都能略知一二。
約二個多月前,會長會常法師來電邀請我到校友會演講,並告知因為
許多人想知道自己面對生死的經驗與心得。既然如此,心想:生死是每個
人必然要面臨的現實,而其中的煩惱與身心苦是最容易體現修行的現實。
因此將演講訂題為:﹤從四聖諦談修行的現實﹥。
這本是極單純的事,卻在不久後,有居士告知我,昭慧法師等人得知
校友會邀請我演講,極為不滿,於其 Facebook 上大肆批評。得知後,因
擔心校友會執事者會為難,便主動與會長連繫,此時會長尚不知昭慧法師
反彈之事,我告之若有為難之處,我赴不赴會皆可,不需顧慮我。
數日後,會長等人來金剛寺,提到他們曾商議,不應受少數外面壓力
而輕易終止先前多數人已決議的事,縱然個人有不同思想的信仰,但此次
演講主題單純,不該因之中停,因此決定續辦,然談話中也提到擔心當日
會有人攪亂會場。非常敬佩諸位法師秉公而為的做事態度,然當場我便做
下不赴會的決定。因為實不忍心,讓校友會執事法師因我受種種不堪入耳
的辱罵。
這封信除了想說明為何不去校友會演講的理由外,也想釐清有關於近
來的一些爭議的原委。近來網路上有諸多對我的批評與攻擊,本想事情過
一陣子就會好了,許多法師也建議不要做任何回應,以免給好事者做文章
的題材。然而事情演變至今,網路流言越來越偏離事實,並進行人身詆毀,
也激起更多忿恨與對立。諸如一篇〈戳穿大航法师“为讲《楞严经》而不
死”的谎言 〉此文是根據我在廈門閩南佛學院的一場演講寫出來的。當
時演講題目是:<談如何面對解行分離的修行困境>。主旨是談生命生死的
現實、佛法不離現實的真實意義,以及「解」「行」分離的修行虛謬。然
而該文完全刻意扭曲演講的原意,加以汙衊。由於此文流遍網路,便激起
曾於現場聽講的法師甚為不滿,便寫了一篇〈驳《戳穿大航法师“为讲《楞
严经》而不死”的谎言》 〉加以反駁。
所謂真理越辯越明,為了捍衛自己的信念,難免憤慨不平,相互批評,
這也是情理中事,不須引以爲意。但若淪於非理性攻訐,失去了原初法義
辯正的焦點,則不得不要加以釐清,方能回歸正題,減少不必要的紛爭。
這也是寫此信的另一用意。
此信不奢求福嚴校友們的認同,只是因為在網路時代,個人言行都有
2
可能經由網路快速流傳開來,所產生的好壞善惡影響都很難再收回來。在
此之所以說明自己的心跡,只希望若有人要批判于我,亦能先了解我的真
實想法與堅持,方能做出相應的批判,各人也都能以合理、負責任的態度
去堅持自己的信念。
我想主要的爭議處就在於我與導師大乘思想的立場不同。在談此爭議
點之前,或許應先知道我與福嚴的關係始末。與福嚴結緣始於在日本與導
師弟子厚觀法師的結識。留日返台後,本擬暫住慧日講堂一陣子後,便找
個地方靜修。然此時正逢福嚴由女眾學院改為男眾之際,亟需男眾法師,
前院長真華長老特意親自來慧日講堂邀我到福嚴授課,見長老如此用心,
不敢違逆,便答應先教學一年。後又因學院缺少訓導主任,故於翌年受請
擔任主任之職。該屆畢業後,本已決定隨真華院長、慧天教務主任兩位老
法師一齊離開福嚴。只是那時厚觀法師的博士課程尚未完成,此時若學院
三長同時走,必使福嚴師長空虛,難以為繼。在此背景下,接受僧團的決
議,接下了院長的職務。
在進入福嚴之前,我教理主學天台,行門則是依念佛,有關導師思想
則少有接觸。導師思想龐大,對導師思想的了解也是逐年漸漸深入的。關
於導師的大乘思想,枝末且不談,茲簡單列出幾點大家耳熟能詳,且最為
爭議的幾點,方便了解諍論的核心處,以資做正確的評斷:
1、關於大乘經。導師在《以佛法研究佛法》中說:「大乘經非釋迦佛親說。」
又說:「大乘經中的人物敘述時地因緣是不必把它看為史實的。」
2、關於文殊普賢菩薩真實性。導師於《佛教史地考論》中說:「梵王與帝
釋也綜合了舍利弗與目犍連的德性,融鑄成文殊與普賢二大士。」
3、關於淨土思想。導師在《初期大乘佛教之起源與開展》中說:「淨土思
想的又一來源,是天。佛教所說的天,是繼承印度神教,而作進一步的發
展」;另在《淨土與禪》則說:「仔細研究起來,阿彌陀佛與太陽是有關係
的。印度的婆羅門教,有以太陽為崇拜對象的。佛法雖本無此說,然在大
乘普應眾機的過程中,太陽崇拜的思想,也就方便的含攝到阿彌陀中。」
導師的這些思想徹底顛覆了我一路已來的大乘信仰,隨著我在福嚴所
擔當的角色與授課,越來越了解導師的思想,內心的矛盾衝突便也越來越
加劇了。我實在無法在帶領學院進行例行的佛三時,卻又接受阿彌陀佛是
太陽神的思想;也無法在學院的大殿中面對文殊、普賢菩薩時,卻要認為
兩位菩薩非真實存在;也無法在告誡學生勿毀謗大乘經的同時,自己卻認
為大乘經非佛說。
尤其是擔任院長時,更是常陷於內心的矛盾,在導師所創的學院擔任
一院之長,既要忠實於自己的信念,卻又要不讓學生落入思想衝突。因此,
那時已下決心,院長卸任後必定要離開福嚴。這就是為什麼之後雖被僧團
選為慧日講堂住持,也予以堅辭。乃至導師過世時,僧團提前開會要我擔
任慧日住持,我亦堅拒。其中緣由不外是不讓自己再度陷入職責與信念的
3
矛盾衝突中。
導師未曾說「大乘非佛說」這句話,但導師卻否定大乘經是佛親說的
真實性,問題就在此,若不承認大乘經的真實性,大乘不共法應築基在哪
個基礎上?只能從《阿含經》去推論?然而排除了大乘經,在所謂的「根
本佛教」《阿含經》裡,根本無法找到極樂淨土信仰、琉璃淨土信仰、法
華信仰、華嚴信仰---乃至文殊、普賢、地藏、觀音等信仰的根據。這些
信仰都是建立在大乘經佛說的神聖性的基石上,一旦它的真實性被質疑了,
我們過去的信仰傳承也必然動搖,漢傳佛教的立足點不復穩固,這樣的思
想顛覆是何其大啊!影響所及,動搖了多少人的大乘信心。這其實也是許
多人受此思想影響後,捨大乘而轉修學南傳佛教的原因之一。
這不是杞人憂天,或是假設性問題,這是不斷發生在周遭的事實。前
些日,在馬來西亞弘法時,便有人於問答中提到,他原本念佛,因有人向
他說沒有阿彌陀佛,因此他改修其他法門,如今他又轉回來念佛,只是已
經無法像以往那樣攝心專注了,問該如何是好?另有一位在寺院負責法務
的居士私下提到,他們要辦一場誦經持咒的共修法會(像似大悲法會),卻
被質疑:「又不是真實經典,為什麼要誦?」對方提出許多理由,他不會
回答,不知如何是好?類似的情形,相信許多接觸基層信仰的法師們也多
曾遇到過吧!
我曾為福嚴院長的這個身份,常被問到:「你曾為福嚴院長,為什與
導師思想不一致,還一直鼓勵人家求生淨土?西方淨土不是不存在嗎?」
而相反的,也經常被修持淨土法門的人問道:「為什麼導師會否定阿彌陀
佛?導師不是肯定龍樹菩薩嗎?可是龍樹菩薩明明肯定阿彌陀佛啊!難
道古往今來多少祖師大德往生都是假的?」這樣的問題都只允許我選擇一
邊,因為阿彌陀佛存不存在的問題,只能回答存在或不存在,沒有模稜兩
可的空間。選擇「存在」,則否定了導師;選擇「不存在」,則否定了自己
信仰的根基。這不是單純的學術問題,學術立場的不同選擇,比較不會影
響到自己的安身立命。這是信仰與實踐的問題,相信彌陀存在,便能一心
修持此法門;若連彌陀的存在都質疑,那麼要如何做到「至心信樂」、「一
心不亂」?若是如此,恐怕無論怎麼努力修持也是枉然吧。
或許有人會說:「你大航並沒有全面了解導師的思想。」我絕不敢誇
言對導師的思想有全面的掌握。然而有沒有全面了解導師的思想,並不影
響基本的判斷。正如前面所說,導師認為淨土思想源自印度神教,這是徹
底否定求生淨土的價值與意義,這並不需去了解導師的其他思想,就能判
斷的吧!
導師的思想已是佛教學術界的主流思想,越在學術界或在佛學院高級
學習層裡,否定大乘經是佛親說,質疑其神聖性的人就越多。今日不是我
刻意要去否定導師思想,而是要守護被導師否定的原初大乘信仰。我只是
一個才疏慧淺念佛求生淨土的行人,豈敢一人去挑戰導師的權威,之所以
4
能無畏懼的站出來說出自己的想法,因為我自信是依著我所信受的大乘經
而說的;我對「大乘經是佛親說」的堅持,也是秉著龍樹、無著、世親、
馬鳴---、蕅益、蓮池、憨山、虛雲、太虛、印光、弘一、慈航等等大德
們同樣的信仰。
因此,恕我實在無法為了認同導師一人思想而放棄自己一生追求的信
仰,如果因這個信念的堅持而被批評是「欺師滅祖」、「偽弟子」、「偽學生」,
我皆能坦然接受,不會有任何怨言。
對於信仰導師思想者而言,我對導師思想的不認同,必定會讓您不悅;
但對與我持同樣信仰的人而言,面對導師否定淨土等大乘思想,也是一樣
會感到痛心。因此,不求大家的認同,只求能以「同理心」了解我不得不
為的心情。
我深知,若我的思想違背了大乘正義,壞人菩提心,斷人善根,其罪
過是何等的大;反之亦然。因此,在寫這封信時,數度於佛前祈求加持,
我是薄地凡夫,福慧俱淺,雖秉著對大乘佛法的一點信心,卻不能隨應一
切根機,皆令歡喜入佛知見,祈請諸佛菩薩龍天護法慈悲攝受,愍我愚誠,
減我過失,增我功德,普利有緣,同歸大乘。
在福嚴教學有九年之久,此緣分不可謂不深。今見許多同學已經弘化
一方,為佛法住持世間而盡力,這是最令人歡喜的事。如今,不管彼此是
否有不同的信仰,在此由衷的祝願所有人
身心吉祥 福慧增上
菩提不退 共成佛道
大航合十

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給福嚴佛學院校友會的一封信