modern diagnostic and treatment methods of 21 senture in children oncohematology .

1. modern diagnostic and
treatment methods of 21
senture in children
oncohematology

2. Cancers that Develop in
Children
The types of cancers that occur most often in children are different from
those seen in adults. The most common cancers of children are:
•Leukemia
•Brain and spinal cord tumors
•Neuroblastoma
•Wilms tumor
•Lymphoma (including both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin)
•Rhabdomyosarcoma
•Retinoblastoma
•Bone cancer (including osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma)

3. Leukemia
• Leukemia's, which are cancers of the bone marrow and
blood, are the most common childhood cancers. They
account for about 30% of all cancers in children. The
most common types in children are acute lymphocytic
leukemia (ALL) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).
These leukemia's can cause bone and joint pain, fatigue,
weakness, pale skin, bleeding or bruising, fever, weight
loss, and other symptoms. Acute leukemia's can grow
quickly, so they need to be treated (typically with
chemotherapy) as soon as they are found.

5. • there are four basic types of
▫ Acute myelocytic leukemia – AML
 Includes myeloblastic, promyelocytic, monocytic,
myelomonocytic, erythrocytic, and megakaryocytic
▫ Acute lymphocytic leukemia – ALL
 Includes T cell, B cell, and Null cell)
▫ Chronic myelocytic leukemia – CML
 Includes myelocytic and myelomonocytic)
▫ Chronic lymphocytic leukemia- CLL –
 Includes plasmocytic {multiple myeloma}, Hairy cell,
prolymphocytic, large granular cell lymphocytic, Sezary’s
syndrome, and circulating lymphoma)

6. Risk Factors
Although the cause of leukemia in most patients is unknown, several factors are
associated with increased risk of developing the disease. Factors that influence risk
of developing leukemia include:
•Age
•Prior Chemotherapy
•Ethnicity/Gender
•Inherited Syndromes (such as Down
Syndrome)
•Ionizing Radiation
•Infection by certain viruses
•Cigarette smoking

7. Types of Cancer Treatment
There are many types of cancer treatment. The types of treatment that you receive
will depend on the type of cancer you have and how advanced it is.
Radiation Therapy
Surgery Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Targeted Therapy Hormone Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant

8. Novel Leukemia Treatment Outperforms Standard Chemotherapies
1. Leukemia occurs due to the abnormal cell growth in the bone
marrow.
2. New compound CX-5461 could provide treatment for an
aggressive type of leukemia.
3. The novel treatment is capable of outperforming standard
chemotherapies.
 A new treatment for an aggressive type of leukemia that
outperforms standard chemotherapies has been on work by
a research team at the Australian National University (ANU).

9. 1. The research team used a compound known as CX-5461
to target the protein-making process within the cancer
cells.
2. He also said that we are working towards a treatment that
will improve the current chemotherapy and improve the
patient's prognosis.
New Compound

10. Here, we have tested the therapeutic efficacy of a novel
inhibitor of RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcription, CX-5461,7
in
genetically modified mouse models of AML driven by MLL or
AML1/ETO fusion proteins, and primary patient-derived
xenograft (PDX) models. In both murine and human AML, CX-
5461 demonstrated a remarkable single-agent efficacy.
Unexpectedly,