Facebook addiction

University of Sulaimani
Faculty of Medical Sciences
School of Medicine
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Students of
Colleges/Schools of Medicine in Iraq Regarding Use of
Facebook and Addiction
A project report submitted to Family and Community Medicine
Department
Prepared by:
Muhammad Jabar Rashid
Ali Kareem Hama Gharib
Aram A. Shah Muhammad
Shwan Hamid Hamza
Supervised by:
Ass.Prof. Dr. Bushra Mohammed Ali Dr. Rahel Faraidon
M.B.Ch.B, F.I.B.M.S – FM M.B.Ch.B, Msc. /Community
Senior Family Physician and Family Medicine
December 2015

Dedication
We dedicate this research to all medical students in all
over Iraq, all students in Sulaimani university school of
medicine, to the department of community health and family
medicine in school of medicne in University of Sulaimani.

Acknowledgement
Throughout the time of preparing this research we would like to thank our supervisors
(Dr.Bushra and Dr.Rahel), they truly understands what hard work is and we would like to
express our gratitude toward them because they pushed toward improving our writing in class
and they offered many comments during various classes in the course that has a great
nbenefit in editing and preparing of our study.
Our study would not have happened without the support and collaboration from:-
 Mustafa abdullah : a medical student from Mustansiriya University college of
Medicine who sent the form of the questionnaire to Thi-Qar, Al-Qadissya, Misan,
Muthana Universities.
 Heyam Basil : a medical student from University of Baghdad Al-Kindy college of
medicine who sent the questionnaire form to Baghdad,( Al-Kindy college of
medicine/University of Baghdad), Al-Nahrain, Al-Iraqia Universities.
 Mohammed Hussien : a medical student from Mustansiriya University college of
Medicine who distribute the form in groups of four stages in Mustansiriya college of
Medicine.
 Ali Khaled : a stager from Mustansiriya University college of medicine who give the
form to sixth stage student in his college.
 Ahmed Abdullah : medical student from Mustansiriya University college of
Medicine who sent the form to Anbar college of medicine
 Hogir Imad : a medical student from Kirkuk college of medicine who gave the form
to the 4th stage students in his college.
 Aisha Saad: a medical student from Kirkuk college of medicine who gave the form to
the remaining stages in Kirkuk college of medicine and sent the form to Mosle
University Mosle college of medicine.
 Taha Ahmed : a medical student from University of Diyala college of medicine who
gave the form to students of his college.
 Ghaith Al- Taai : a medical student from Babylon University college of medicine
who gave the form to students in his college.
 Mohammed Zaidan: a medical student from University of Basrah college of
medicine who gave the form to the students in both Basrah and Wasit universities.

 Amina Hagi : A medical student from Hawler medical University who gave the form
to 3rd stage students in her college.
 Matten Duhoki: A medical student from Hawler medical University who sent the
form to students in Hawler Medical University and Duhok University.
 Aram Rojbayani: A medical student from Hawler Medical University who helped us
to post the link of the form in the group of 4th stage medical students.
 Hussein Al- Shadeedi : A medical student from Kufa University college of medicine
who sent the form to the students in Kufa and Jabr Bn Al Haean Universities.
 Haitham Al Karbalai : A medical student from Kerbala who sent the Form to
Kerbala University college of medicine.
 Hadeer Waled : A Dentist Stager from Tikret University who sent the form to
students in Tikret University college of medicine.
 Hedi Wali: A second stage medical student from University of Hawler Medical
University, who sent the form to students in Koya University School of Medicine.
And finally Naef Kru a student from Mousle University Ninevah college of medicine
who sent the form to students in his college.

Abstract
Introduction: Facebook was founded in 2004, it has become one of the most popular social
networking sites, Facebook is used to connect and stay in touch with friends and also to
maintain relationships, there may be situations where an individual uses the site way too
much, relatively little research has been carried out to explain effects of usage of Facebook in
terms of addiction in Iraq.
Objectives: To estimate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical students in Iraq
regarding use of Facebook, to estimate the percentage of medical students in Iraq who are
addicted to use of Facebook, and to compare among the universities.
Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study, including 1240 medical students in 25
universities in Iraq, data collected through a self-administration method, Internet- based
method through Google Forms was implied for conduction of the survey, starting from 27th
of November to 3rd of December 2015, Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale –BFAS was used
to estimate the percentage of addiction. The questionnaire is composed of socio-demographic
information, evaluation of students’ knowledge, evaluation of students’ attitude, evaluation of
students’ practice regarding use of Facebook, and estimation of Facebook addiction. Data
was entered into an Excel sheet, and then transferred into IBM SPSS version 20 for analysis,
and the Chi-Squared test was used for determining the association among the universities. P
value (< 0.05) was taken as a significant level for testing the associations.
Results: All of the universities recorded high percentage of correct answer regarding
knowledge, the majority agreed with our statements regarding attitude, the majority was
using Facebook 1-3 hours daily with the percentage of (40.8%) of total, the percentage of
addiction among the studied sample was (36%), while the remaining (64%) were not
addicted, the percentage of addiction in males was (37.2%) while in females was (34.7%),
University of Kirkuk students recorded highest percentage (52.7%) of addiction amongst all
of the universities.
Conclusion: The knowledge of the majority of the students was accepted, the majority was
using Facebook 1-3 hours daily, the majority of the studied sample was not addicted, males
are more addicted than females, and University of Kirkuk students recorded highest
percentage of addiction.

Table of Contents
Introduction …………………………….…….………………………………………………………… 1
Methodology ……………...…………………………………………………………………………… 7
Results …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11
Discussion ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 28
Conclusions and recommendations ………………………………………………………… 34
References ………………..…………………………………………………………………………… 37
Appendix …..…………………………………………………………………………………………… 41

List of tables
Tittle of Tables Page No.
Table 1 : Socio-demographic distribution of the studied sample 11
Table 2 : Distribution of universities regarding answers of the question “When was
Facebook established?” 13
Table 3: Distribution of universities regarding answers of the question
“Who is the CEO (Head Manager) of Facebook?” 14
Table 4 : Distribution of universities regarding answers of the question
“Is it true that there are 745 million daily Facebook mobile users?” 15
“Where is the headquarters (Main Office) of Facebook?” 16
“Was Facebook membership at the beginning limited to Harvard University
students ?”
17
Table 7: Distribution of universities regarding answers of the question
“Does the term “Facebook Addiction” refers to a real condition?” 18
“Does using Facebook have impacts on physical heath?” 19
“Can use of Facebook cause headache, back pain, or wrist pain?” 20
Table10: Distribution of universities regarding answers of the question
“Can use of Facebook cause sleep disturbance?” 21
“Does the use of Facebook cause „eye irritation‟ 22
“Do you have a Facebook account?” 23
“How many hours do you spend daily using Facebook?” 24
Table 14: Summary statistics for attitude of the students towards use of Facebook.
25
Table 15 : Distribution of universities regarding the percentage of addiction
to use of Facebook. 27

List of Figures
Tittle of figures Page
No.
Fig 1: Distribution of the participants according to their stages.
11
Fig 2: Distribution of the participants according to their universities.
12
Fig 3 : Distribution of the sample according to the percentage of
addicted participants. 26
Fig 4 : Distribution of genders according to percentage of addiction
26
.

Chapter One Introduction
Page 1
Introduction
1.1 Background
Online social media Web sites such as Facebook have transformed personal
communication, social interaction, and even language, as users “friend” other users and
“like” other Facebook pages to establish relationships. Facebook is among the most
popular social networking sites. It is headquartered in Menlo Park, California.(1)
The service can be used in many ways, including for personal and professional
networking, social interaction, and business. It is also used for advertising as well as to
disseminate news and information to users. Within Facebook, individuals or group users
can post status updates, links, or media content on a profile page or their “wall”. The
application then compiles these posts and updates in real time for display in a “news
feed”. Each user’s news feed is different and lists updates only from that user’s Facebook
friends or from group pages that the user has “liked”. If a group or individual’s page is
“open”, all Facebook users may visit the page (similar to a public Internet page) to read
and contribute posts and updates. “Closed” or private pages require users to establish a
relationship or gain permission in order to contribute to page content.(2)
1.2 Historical Aspect
In February 2004, Mark Zuckerberg, with the help of Andrew McCollum and
Eduardo Saverin , launched a website that would change online social interaction forever
.The Facebook started on the campus of Harvard University, where the three friends were
students.(3)
The Facebook buzz grew on the Harvard campus and within weeks students from
Stanford and Yale wanted in. The network was extended and by April 2004, The
Facebook was available on all Ivy League servers. He would not stop until The Facebook
had been installed on all university campuses in America. In May 2004, only 4 months
after The Facebook was born, he dropped out of Harvard and moved to some other areas.
By October 2004,Zuckerberg had the money, the manpower, and the institutional backing

Page 2
to go global. Beta testing continued on within the American University population for the
next year.(4)
In August 2005, The Facebook dropped the “The”, and Facebook.com was
registered for $200,000.(1)
The network opened up, and within months anyone with a valid institutional
email address from over 30,000 organizations across the planet were eligible for
membership, including high-school students, government employees, and the corporate
community.(4)
Since 2006, anyone who is at least 13 years old was allowed to become a
registered user of the website, though the age requirement may be higher depending on
applicable local laws.(5)
In fact, between May 2006 and May 2007 Facebook traffic grew by an
astonishing 89%. Facebook remained a closed network until May 2007, when
Zuckerberg announced that Facebook was to become the “social operating system for
the Internet.(4)
1.3 Facebook use
Users must register before using the site, after which they may create a personal
profile, add other users as friends, exchange messages, and receive automatic
notifications when they update their profile. Additionally, users may join common-
interest user groups, organized by workplace, school or college, or other characteristics,
and categorize their friends into lists such as "People from Work" or "Close Friends".
Facebook is currently the largest social networking site as of September 2012, Facebook
has over one billion active users.(3)
Facebook allows users to connect and interact with others, express themselves, and
maintain social relationships. On average Daily active users were 728 million, on average
for September 2013. The total number of Facebook users in the Arab world stood at
37,865,442 as of December 2011, having almost doubled since the same time the year

Page 3
before. As the statistics indicate, the number of Facebook users has risen significantly in
most Arab countries, most notably during the first three months of 2011 – at the height of
the “Arab Spring” – and in the countries where protests have taken place.(5)
Over the past few years, as usage of Facebook has expanded beyond individual
use and into the hands of companies to promote products and services, it has been a main
concern for many Universities, schools and companies to monitor and limit the use of the
site for fear that some can't perform other tasks if they have access to this site. Although
Facebook could be a great tool to use to connect with friends and maintain relationships,
there is a line that could be crossed in which a person utilizes the Facebook site too
much.(6)
1.4 Facebook use among medical students
Educators are becoming increasingly interested in how online social networking
software can be harnessed for educational purposes.(7)
Originally created for university students to socialize and now the best known
social networking site, Facebook’s (www.facebook.com) features make it easy for web
users to set up and maintain personal ‘profile’ pages, connect to and remark on those of
other individuals, publish content, contribute to groups and participate in communities
online.(8)
Technically, Facebook’s features could provide useful support for student
collaboration, student-generated content, student–student communication and the
personalization and socialization of student work.(9)
There is conjecture that Facebook’s features may encourage students to engage in
creative and social learning processes that extend beyond traditional educational settings
and institutions. (10)
And thus benefit from access to wide and diverse sources of
information and opportunities for communication.(11)
However, it is unclear whether student use of Facebook for learning is effective or
appropriate. Facebook use may blur the boundaries between socializing and studying in
ways not conducive to learning. (12)

Page 4
The casual and personal aspects of student Facebook use may preclude or exclude
teachers’ involvement, so students may formulate learning goals that are tangential to
formal curriculum. (13)
But some researchers estimated that Facebook use may become
addictive. (14)
Recent studies specifically focusing on medical students’ use of Facebook report
that 70.8% of UK medical students used social networking sites.(15)
and that 64.3% of
medical students at one US university had Facebook accounts.(16)
UK medical students’
uses of Facebook for learning have been reported.(17)
These studies reveal little about
what might constitute appropriate and effective use of social networking software, by
learners or teachers, in medical education. Facebook groups have been suggested as an
environment to teach key information and communications technology (ICT) skills for
professional practice.(18)
Facebook use may possibly prepare medical students to go on to use more
professionally oriented social networking sites for lifelong learning and communication.
Sandars and Haythornthwaite assert that the use of social web technologies such as
Facebook ‘is here to stay in medical education, but how it will develop in the future
remains uncertain’. (19)
The research reported here sought to investigate the extent to which medical
students were using Facebook and to detail the approaches, experiences and outcomes in
cases where they were using Facebook to support their learning. The aim was to gain
insights into the benefits and challenges of using social networking software for learning
and teaching in medicine and in higher education generally. Few studies to date have
examined why or how students use Facebook for learning. (20)
Although there are few researches about how to use Facebook for the educational
process, but such researches could be helpful in understanding how the online social
networks fit into higher education.(21)

Page 5
1.5 Health related problems
Like any new phenomena in our life, Facebook use might hold its own risks.
However, limited literatures focused on its harmful effects on health and social life.
Possible impacts of Facebook use reported in the previous literature include addiction,
waste of time, and money.(22)
Some criminal offences and deterioration of morale prompting disciplinary
actions were attributed to misuse of social networking in circumstances of disclosing
privacy issues and posting unethical materials. Unprofessional behavior and inappropriate
material posting on social networking sites have also been reported among health care
providers and university staff.(23)
Recent studies that focused on the impact of Facebook use on mental health found
association between social networking and changes in self-esteem,(24)
sleep disorders,
and high level of depression among students.(25)
Facebook surfing hours with potential adverse health effects among medical
students. Medical students surfing Facebook had significantly experienced
musculoskeletal pain (back pain, shoulder pain, or neck pain), eye irritation, and
headaches.(26)
It was found that university student’s sleep patterns were disrupted due to late
night logins and surfing, causing extensive sleep deprivation side effects like excessive
fatigue, impaired academic performance, and decreased immunity.(27)
1.6 Justification
Social networking is regarded as an important part of daily routine by the majority
of our community nowadays, not only for social contact, but also for education,
especially among university students. Therefore people are spending more and more time
on Facebook unintentionally which may raise the chance for addiction in terms of
Facebook use. In addition, the need to inculcate professional conduct in the use of

Page 6
Facebook itself has been noted as healthcare applications of social networking and
similar social web technologies increase.(28)
Conversely, scholars are concerned about the consequences of the alarming rate
of mental and physical problems related to the heavy use of Facebook among university
students, including addiction. Also to prove that ‘‘Facebook Addiction’’ is a true
phenomenon which has been described by the scholars, as previously the term
‘‘Addiction’’ was only used for substance-related addiction. But nowadays it is used for
non-substance addiction such as technology addiction, exercise addiction, sex addiction,
compulsive shopping, and gambling which are completely different from the chemical
addiction.(29)
Nonetheless, we feel that this is a good opportunity to fill some of the gaps among
and within the researches about Facebook addiction, which have not yet fully covered
this topic as a comprehensive academic research.
1.7 Objectives
1. To estimate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical students in Iraq
regarding use of Facebook.
2. To estimate the percentage of medical students in Iraq who are addicted to
Facebook.
3. To compare among medical students of universities of Iraq regarding Knowledge,
attitude, and practice of Facebook, and percentage of addiction.

Chapter Two Methodology
Page 7
Methodology
2.1 Study design
The design of our study is cross sectional descriptive study.
2.2 Setting
The research have been carried out in the Colleges/Schools of Medicine in
universities of Iraq which were (University of Sulaimani / School of Medicine, Hawler
Medical University / College of Medicine, University of Duhok / College of Medicine,
University of Kirkuk / College of Medicine, Koya University / School of Medicine,
University of Baghdad / College of Medicine, University of Baghdad / Al-Kindy College
of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University / College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University /
College of Medicine, Al-Iraqia University / Ibn-Sina College of Medicine, University of
Diyala / College of Medicine, University of Anbar / College of Medicine, University of
Tikrit / College of Medicine, University of Mosul / Mosul College of Medicine,
University of Mosul / Ninevah College of Medicine, University of Babylon / College of
Medicine, University of Kufa / Faculty of Medicine, University of Kerbala / College of
Medicine, University of Misan / Faculty of Medicine, University of AL-Qadisiyah /
College of Medicine, University of THI-QAR / College of Medicine, AL-Muthanna
University / College of Medicine, University of Basrah / College of Medicine, University
of Wasit / College of Medicine, and Jabir Ibn Hayyan Medical University / College of
Medicine).
Students of second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth stages of these Colleges/Schools
were the participants in the study.
The collection of data began on the 27th
of November 2015 at 5:30 pm, and ended
on 3
rd
of December 2015 at 8:00 pm.

Page 8
2.3 Sample size and sample method
The number of the students participated in the survey was 1240 students from 25
Universities in Iraq considered a sample size, the number of the participants from
Sulaimani University / School of Medicine was 187 students , from Hawler Medical
University / College of Medicine was 98 students, from University of Duhok / College of
Medicine was 37 students, from University of Kirkuk / College of Medicine was 36
students, from Koya University / School of Medicine was 7 students, from University of
Baghdad / College of Medicine was 224 students, from University of Baghdad / Al-
Kindy College of Medicine was 62 students, from Al-Nahrain University / College of
Medicine was 61 students, from Al-Mustansiriya University / College of Medicine was
59 students, from Al-Iraqia University / Ibn-Sina College of Medicine was 22 students,
from University of Diyala / College of Medicine was 54 students, from University of
Anbar / College of Medicine was just three students, from University of Tikrit / College
of Medicine was 20 students, from University of Mosul / Mosul College of Medicine was
18 students, from University of Mosul / Ninevah College of Medicine was 9 students,
from University of Babylon / College of Medicine was 91 students, from University of
Kufa / Faculty of Medicine was 69 students, from University of Kerbala / College of
Medicine was just two student, from University of Misan / Faculty of Medicine was 18
students, from University of AL-Qadisiyah / College of Medicine was 9 students, from
University of THI-QAR / College of Medicine was 41 students, from AL-Muthanna
University / College of Medicine was just two student, from University of Basrah /
College of Medicine was 92 students, from University of Wasit / College of Medicine
was 9 students, and from Jabir Ibn Hayyan Medical University / College of Medicine was
10 students.
Pilot study has been done, and medical students around Iraq were selected in simple
random method.

Page 9
2.4 Questionnaire Construction
The questionnaire was constructed from our knowledge depending of researches
which have been made in terms of this topic, and the addiction scale was conducted from
Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale -BFAS.(30)
The questionnaire is composed of four sections:
1- Socio-demographic information: It includes information about the (Sex, Age,
Residency, Stage, and Marital Status) of the participants.
2- Evaluation of students ‘knowledge: It includes 10 questions to determine their
knowledge about the use of Facebook and some health-related problems.
3- Evaluation of students’ attitude: It includes 9 questions to evaluate educational
experience and attitude of students regarding use of Facebook.
4- Evaluation of students’ practice regarding use of Facebook.
5- Estimation of Facebook Addiction: It includes 18 questions to determine
Facebook Addiction which was conducted from (Bergen Facebook Addiction
Scale -BFAS).
2.5 Data collection
The data collection was conducted through self-administration method; we implied
internet- based method through Google Forms for conducting our survey, we sent the link
of our questionnaire form to some friends and our colleagues from different medical
colleges in most universities of Iraq and we asked them thankfully to post the form in
their stages groups and general college groups on Facebook, the participants were
informed that they are free to fill the form without mentioning their names and the
responses were received by the Admin and contributors immediately as the participant
submit hisher form.

Page 10
2.6 Data analysis
The collected data from Google Form entered in an Excel sheet, and then the Excel sheet
was transferred into (Statistical Package for Social Science - IBM SPSS) program
(version 20). After process of data cleaning, descriptive statistics (numbers, percentages,
means….etc.) were performed for all variables and presented through tables and graphics.
The Chi-Squared test was used for determining the association between the universities
and all questions. P value less than 0.05 was taken as a significant level for testing the
associations.
2.7 Ethical considerations
Official permission had been taken or performed through official emails and
electronic posts from the Colleges/Schools which were included in the study.
Informed consent was taken from all of the participants the participants were informed
that they are free to fill the form, their names will not be mentioned, all of their
information was confidential, and that they were filling the forms only for research
purpose.

Chapter Three Results
Page 11
Results
Total number of participants was 1240, and the mean age of the sample was years.
Table (1) Socio-demographic distribution of the studied sample.
Socio-demographic variables Frequencies Percentages
Gender
Male
Female
Total
465
775
1240
37.5
62.5
100
Residency
Inside-city
Outside-city
Total
1099
141
1240
88.6
11.4
100
Marital status
Single
Married
Divorced
Widow
Total
1202
33
2
3
1240
96.9
2.7
.2
.2
100
Socio-economic state
Low
Moderate
High
Total
20
1099
121
1240
1.6
88.6
9.8
100
Table (1) shows that the majority of the participants were female (62.5%), most of the participants
were resident inside-city (88.6%), most of the students were single (96.9%), and the majority had moderate
economic level (88.6%).
Figure (1) Distribution of the participants according to their stages.
Figure (1) shows the stage distribution of the studied group. The highest percentage was among
fourth stage students.
1%
23%
29%
31%
7% 9%
1st Stage
2nd Stage
3rd Stage
4th Stage
5th Stage
6th Stage

Page 12
Figure (2) Distribution of the participants according to their universities.
Figure (2) shows the University distribution of studied group. In which University of Baghdad had
the highest percentage (18.1%) regarding the number of participants.
15.1
7.9
3.0
2.9
0.6
18.1
5.0
4.9
4.8
1.8
4.4
0.2
1.6
1.5
0.7
7.3
5.6
0.2
1.5
0.7
3.3
0.2
7.4
0.7
0.8
0 50 100 150 200 250
Hawler Medical University
University of Duhok
University of Kirkuk
Koya University
University of Baghdad
Al-Kindy College of Medicine
Al-Nahrain University
Al-Mustansiriya University
Al-Iraqia University
University of Diyala
University of Anbar
University of Tikrit
Mosul College of Medicine
Ninevah College of Medicine
University of Babylon
University of Kufa
University of Kerbala
University of Misan
University of AL-Qadisiyah
University of THI-QAR
AL-Muthanna University
University of Basrah
University of Wasit
Jabir ibn Hayyan Medical University

Page 13
Table (2) Distribution of universities regarding answers of the question “When was
Facebook established?”
Table (2) shows that AL-Muthanna University and University of Diyala have the highest percentage of
correct answer (100 %, and 74.1%) respectively regarding the question “When was Facebook established?”
and there is statistically highly significant association between the universities and the answers of the
question (P value = 0.001).
Universities
Facebook established
P
value
Wrong
No. (%)
Correct
No. (%)
Total
No. (%)
University of Sulaimani 71 (38) 116 (62) 187 (100)
0.001
Hawler Medical University 46 (46.9) 52 (53.1) 98 (100)
University of Duhok 17 (45.9) 20 (54.1) 37 (100)
University of Kirkuk 10 (27.8) 26 (72.2) 36 (100)
Koya University 3 (42.9) 4 (57.1) 7 (100)
University of Baghdad / College of
Medicine
95 (42.4) 129 (57.6) 224 (100)
University of Baghdad / Al-Kindy
College of Medicine
29 (46.8) 33 (53.2) 62 (100)
Al-Nahrain University 35 (57.4) 26 (42.6) 61 (100)
Al-Mustansiriya University 34 (57.6) 25 (42.4) 59 (100)
Al-Iraqia University 12 (54.5) 10 (45.5) 22 (100)
University of Diyala 14 (25.9) 40 (74.1) 54 (100)
University of Anbar 3 (100) 0 (0.0) 3 (100)
University of Tikrit 14 (70.0) 6 (30.0) 20 (100)
Mosul College of Medicine 5 (27.8) 13 (72.2) 18 (100)
Ninevah College of Medicine 8 (88.9) 1 (11.1) 9 (100)
University of Babylon 33 (36.3) 58 (63.7) 91 (100)
University of Kufa 33 (47.8) 36 (52.2) 69 (100)
University of Kerbala 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 2 (100)
University of Misan 8 (44.4) 10 (55.6) 18 (100)
University of AL-Qadisiyah 3 (33.3) 6 (66.7) 9 (100)
University of THI-QAR 14 (34.1) 27 (65.9) 41 (100)
AL-Muthanna University 0 (0.0) 2 (100) 2 (100)
University of Basrah 45 (48.9) 47 (51.1) 92 (100)
University of Wasit 5 (55.6) 4 (44.4) 9 (100)
Jabir ibn Hayyan Medical University 4 (40.0) 6 (60.0) 10 (100)
Total No. (%) 542 (43.7) 698 (56.3) 1240 (100)

Page 14
Table (3) Distribution of universities regarding answers of the question “Who is the
CEO (Head Manager) of Facebook?”
Table (3) shows that Koya University, University of Baghdad / Al-Kindy College of Medicine, Al-
Mustansiriya University, Al-Iraqia University, Mosul College of Medicine, Ninevah College of Medicine,
University of Misan, University of THI-QAR, AL-Muthanna University, and University of Wasit have high
percentage (100%) of correct answer regarding the question “Who is the CEO (Head Manager) of
Facebook?” and there is no statistically significant association between the universities and the answers of
the question (P value = 0.492).
Universities
CEO of Facebook
P
value
Wrong
No. (%)
Correct
No. (%)
Total
No. (%)
University of Sulaimani 11 (5.9) 176 (94.1) 187 (100)
0.492
Koya University 0 (0) 7 (100) 7 (100)
Medicine
7 (3.1) 217 (96.9) 224 (100)
College of Medicine
0 (0) 62 (100) 62 (100)
Al-Mustansiriya University 0 (0) 59 (100) 59 (100)
Al-Iraqia University 0 (0) 22 (100) 22 (100)
University of Anbar 0 (0) 3 (100) 3 (100)
University of Tikrit 1 (5) 19 (95) 20 (100)
Mosul College of Medicine 0 (0) 18 (100) 18 (100)
Ninevah College of Medicine 0 (0) 9 (100) 9 (100)
University of Kerbala 0 (0) 2 (100) 2 (100)
University of Misan 0 (0) 18 (100) 18 (100)
University of THI-QAR 0 (0) 41 (100) 41 (100)
AL-Muthanna University 0 (0) 2 (100) 2 (100)
University of Wasit 0 (0) 9 (100) 9 (100)
Jabir ibn Hayyan Medical
University
1 (10) 9 (90) 10 (100)
Total No. (%) 39 (3.1) 1201 (96.9) 1240 (100)

Page 15
Table (4) Distribution of universities regarding answers of the question “Is it true that
there are 745 million daily Facebook mobile users?”
Table (4) shows that AL-Muthanna University, University of Mosul, and University of Misan have the
highest percentage of correct answer (50%, 38.9%, and 38.9%) respectively regarding the question “Is it
true that there are 745 million daily Facebook mobile users?” and there is no statistically significant
association between the universities and the answers of the question (P value = 0.393).
Universities
“745 million daily users”
P
value
Wrong
No. (%)
I don’t know
No. (%)
Correct
No. (%)
Total
No. (%)
University of Sulaimani 6 (3.2) 121 (64.7) 60 (32.1) 187 (100)
0.393
Hawler Medical University 2 (2) 66 (67.3) 30 (30.6) 98 (100)
University of Duhok 1 (2.7) 30 (81.1) 6 (16.2) 37 (100)
University of Kirkuk 1 (2.8) 18 (50) 17 (47.2) 36 (100)
Koya University 0 (0) 6 (85.7) 1 (14.3) 7 (100)
University of Baghdad /
College of Medicine
1 (0.4) 162 (72.3) 61 (27.2) 224 (100)
University of Baghdad / Al-
Kindy College of Medicine
1 (1.6) 48 (77.4) 13 (21) 62 (100)
Al-Nahrain University 1 (1.6) 39 (63.9) 21 (34.4) 61 (100)
Al-Mustansiriya University 0 (0) 41 (69.5) 18 (30.5) 59 (100)
Al-Iraqia University 0 (0) 17 (77.3) 5 (22.7) 22 (100)
University of Diyala 2 (3.7) 39 (72.2) 13 (24.1) 54 (100)
University of Anbar 0 (0) 2 (66.7) 1 (33.3) 3 (100)
University of Tikrit 1 (5) 16 (80) 3 (15) 20 (100)
Mosul College of Medicine 0 (0) 11 (61.1) 7 (38.9) 18 (100)
Ninevah College of Medicine 0 (0) 9 (100) 0 (0) 9 (100)
University of Babylon 3 (3.3) 68 (74.7) 20 (22) 91 (100)
University of Kufa 2 (2.9) 52 (75.4) 15 (21.7) 69 (100)
University of Kerbala 0 (0) 2 (100) 0 (0) 2 (100)
University of Misan 1 (5.6) 10 (55.6) 7 (38.9) 18 (100)
University of AL-Qadisiyah 0 (0) 8 (88.9) 1 (11.1) 9 (100)
University of THI-QAR 1 (2.4) 29 (70.7) 11 (26.8) 41 (100)
AL-Muthanna University 0 (0) 1 (50) 1 (50) 2 (100)
University of Basrah 3 (3.3) 73 (79.3) 16 (17.4) 92 (100)
University of Wasit 0 (0) 8 (88.9) 1 (11.1) 9 (100)
University
1 (10) 8 (80) 1 (10) 10 (100)
Total No. (%) 27 (2.2) 884 (71.3) 329 (26.5) 1240 (100)

Page 16
Table (5) Distribution of universities regarding answers of the question “Where is the
headquarters (Main Office) of Facebook?”
Table (5) shows that University of Anbar and AL-Muthanna University have the highest percentage
(100%) of correct answer regarding the question “Where is the headquarters (Main Office) of Facebook?”
and there is no statistically significant association between the universities and the answers of the question
(P value = 0.359).
Universities
Headquarters of Facebook
P
value
Wrong
No. (%)
Correct
No. (%)
Total
No. (%)
0.359
Koya University 1 (14.3) 6 (85.7) 7 (100)
Medicine
65 (29) 159 (71) 224 (100)
College of Medicine
11 (17.7) 51 (82.3) 62 (100)
University of Basrah 23 (25) 69 (75) 92 (100)
University
3 (30) 7 (70) 10 (100)
Total No. (%) 327 (26.4) 913 (73.6) 1240 (100)

Page 17
Table (6) Distribution of universities regarding answers of the question “Was
Facebook membership at the beginning limited to Harvard University students?”
Table (6) shows that AL-Muthanna University and University of Kirkuk have the highest percentage of
correct answer (100%, and 69.4%) respectively regarding the question “Was Facebook membership at the
beginning limited to Harvard University students?” and there is statistically highly significant association
between the universities and the answers of the question (P value = 0.001).
Universities
“Harvard university students”
P
value
Wrong
No. (%)
I don’t know
No. (%)
Correct
No. (%)
Total
No. (%)
University of Sulaimani 13 (7) 81 (43.3) 93 (49.7) 187 (100)
0.001
Hawler Medical University 14 (14.3) 43 (43.9) 41 (41.8) 98 (100)
University of Kirkuk 5 (13.9) 6 (16.7) 25 (69.4) 36 (100)
Koya University 0 (0) 3 (42.9) 4 (57.1) 7 (100)
College of Medicine
15 (6.7) 127 (56.7) 82 (36.6) 224 (100)
4 (6.5) 32 (51.6) 26 (41.9) 62 (100)
Al-Mustansiriya University 7 (11.9) 27 (45.8) 25 (42.4) 59 (100)
Al-Iraqia University 4 (18.2) 11 (50) 7 (31.8) 22 (100)
Mosul College of Medicine 0 (0) 7 (38.9) 11 (61.1) 18 (100)
Ninevah College of Medicine 0 (0) 8 (88.9) 1 (11.1) 9 (100)
University of Babylon 9 (9.9) 53 (58.2) 29 (31.9) 91 (100)
University of AL-Qadisiyah 0 (0) 6 (66.7) 3 (33.3) 9 (100)
University
0 (0) 5 (50) 5 (50) 10 (100)
Total No. (%) 94 (7.6) 618 (49.8) 528 (42.6) 1240 (100)

Page 18
Table (7) Distribution of universities regarding answers of the question “Does the term
“Facebook Addiction” refers to a real condition?”
Table (7) shows that AL-Muthanna University, University of Mosul, and University of Misan have the
highest percentage of correct answer (100%, 77.8%, and 72.2%) respectively regarding the question “Does
the term ‘Facebook Addiction’ refer to a real condition?” and there is statistically highly significant
association between the universities and the answers of the question (P value = 0.001).
Universities
‘’Facebook Addiction’’
P value
Wrong
No. (%)
I don’t know
No. (%)
Correct
No. (%)
Total
No. (%)
0.001
Koya University 2 (28.6) 1 (14.3) 4 (57.1) 7 (100)
College of Medicine
37 (16.5) 60 (26.8) 127 (56.7) 224 (100)
11 (17.7) 11 (17.7) 40 (64.5) 62 (100)
Al-Iraqia University 8 (36.4) 6 (27.3) 8 (36.4) 22 (100)
Mosul College of Medicine 2 (11.1) 2 (11.1) 14 (77.8) 18 (100)
Ninevah College of Medicine 1 (11.1) 3 (33.3) 5 (55.6) 9 (100)
University of AL-Qadisiyah 2 (22.2) 1 (11.1) 6 (66.7) 9 (100)
University of Basrah 23 (25) 22 (23.9) 47 (51.1) 92 (100)
University of Wasit 6 (66.7) 1 (11.1) 2 (22.2) 9 (100)
University
3 (30) 6 (60) 1 (10) 10 (100)
Total No. (%) 239 (19.3) 256 (20.6) 745 (60.1) 1240 (100)

Page 19
Table (8) Distribution of universities regarding answers of the question “Does using
Facebook have impacts on physical heath?”
Table (8) shows that University of Kerbala, University of Ninevah, and University of Sulaimani have the
highest percentage of correct answer (100%, 88.9%, and 88.2%) respectively regarding the question “Does
using Facebook have impacts on physical heath?” and there is statistically significant association between
the universities and the answers of the question (P value = 0.036).
Universities
“Physical health”
P
value
Wrong
No. (%)
I don’t know
No. (%)
Correct
No. (%)
Total
No. (%)
University of Sulaimani 15 (8) 7 (3.7) 165 (88.2) 187 (100)
0.036
University of Kirkuk 6 (16.7) 3 (8.3) 27 (75) 36 (100)
Koya University 1 (14.3) 0 (0) 6 (85.7) 7 (100)
College of Medicine
38 (17) 16 (7.1) 170 (75.9) 224 (100)
12 (19.4) 7 (11.3) 43 (69.4) 62 (100)
Al-Iraqia University 7 (31.8) 4 (18.2) 11 (50) 22 (100)
University of Anbar 1 (33.3) 0 (0) 2 (66.7) 3 (100)
Mosul College of Medicine 1 (5.6) 2 (11.1) 15 (83.3) 18 (100)
Ninevah College of Medicine 0 (0) 1 (11.1) 8 (88.9) 9 (100)
University of Babylon 17 (18.7) 3 (3.3) 71 (78) 91 (100)
University of Kufa 12 (17.4) 8 (11.6) 49 (71) 69 (100)
University of AL-Qadisiyah 1 (11.1) 1 (11.1) 7 (77.8) 9 (100)
University
1 (10) 3 (30) 6 (60) 10 (100)
Total No. (%) 189 (15.2) 101 (8.1) 950 (76.6) 1240 (100)

Page 20
Table (9) Distribution of universities regarding answers of the question “Can use of
Facebook cause headache, back pain, or wrist pain?”
Table (9) shows that Koya University, University of Ninevah, and University of Kerbala have the highest
percentage (100%) of correct answer regarding the question “Can use of Facebook cause headache, back
pain, or wrist pain?” and there is statistically significant association between the universities and the
answers of the question (P value = 0.033).
Universities
Headache or wrist pain
P
value
Wrong
No. (%)
I don’t know
No. (%)
Correct
No. (%)
Total
No. (%)
0.033
Koya University 0 (0) 0 (0) 7 (100) 7 (100)
College of Medicine
48 (21.4) 10 (4.5) 166 (74.1) 224 (100)
12 (19.4) 3 (4.8) 47 (75.8) 62 (100)
Al-Nahrain University 12 (19.7) 0 (0) 49 (80.3) 61 (100)
Mosul College of Medicine 4 (22.2) 0 (0) 14 (77.8) 18 (100)
Ninevah College of
Medicine
0 (0) 0 (0) 9 (100) 9 (100)
University of Kufa 9 (13) 4 (5.8) 56 (81.2) 69 (100)
University of AL-Qadisiyah 2 (22.2) 0 (0) 7 (77.8) 9 (100)
University of THI-QAR 5 (12.2) 0 (0) 36 (87.8) 41 (100)
University of Wasit 2 (22.2) 0 (0) 7 (77.8) 9 (100)
University
3 (30) 0 (0) 7 (70) 10 (100)
Total No. (%) 217 (17.5) 52 (4.2) 971 (78.3) 1240 (100)

Page 21
Table (10) Distribution of universities regarding answers of the question “Can use of
Facebook cause sleep disturbance?”
Table (10) shows that Koya University, University of Ninevah, and University of Sulaimani have the
highest percentage of correct answer (100%, 100%, and 90.9%) respectively regarding the question “Can
use of Facebook cause sleep disturbance?” and there is statistically highly significant association between
the universities and the answers of the question (P value = 0.001).
Universities
Sleep disturbance
P
value
Wrong
No. (%)
I don’t know
No. (%)
Correct
No. (%)
Total
No. (%)
0.001
Hawler Medical University 14 (14.3) 2 (2) 82 (83.7) 98 (100)
Koya University 0 (0) 0 (0) 7 (100) 7 (100)
College of Medicine
45 (20.1) 8 (3.6) 171 (76.3) 224 (100)
17 (27.4) 4 (6.5) 41 (66.1) 62 (100)
Al-Nahrain University 9 (14.8) 2 (3.3) 50 (82) 61 (100)
Mosul College of Medicine 3 (16.7) 0 (0) 15 (83.3) 18 (100)
Ninevah College of Medicine 0 (0) 0 (0) 9 (100) 9 (100)
University of Misan 2 (11.1) 0 (0) 16 (88.9) 18 (100)
University of Wasit 1 (11.1) 0 (0) 8 (88.9) 9 (100)
University
2 (20) 0 (0) 8 (80) 10 (100)
Total No. (%) 204 (16.5) 66 (5.3) 970 (78.2) 1240 (100)

Page 22
Table (11) Distribution of universities regarding answers of the question “Does the use
of Facebook cause ‘eye irritation’?”
Table (11) shows that the University of Anbar, University of Mosul (Mosul College of medicine),
University of Kerbala, AL-Muthanna University, and University of Wasit have the highest percentages
(100%) of correct answer regarding the question “Does the use of Facebook cause ‘eye irritation’?” and
there is statistically highly significant association between the universities and the answers of the question
(P value = 0.016).
Universities
“eye irritation”
P
value
Wrong
No. (%)
I don’t know
No. (%)
Correct
No. (%)
Total
No. (%)
0.016
Hawler Medical University 7 (7.1) 2 (2) 89 (90.8) 98 (100)
University of Duhok 4 (10.8) 0 (0) 33 (89.2) 37(100)
Koya University 0 (0) 1 (14.3) 6 (85.7) 7 (100)
College of Medicine
25 (11.2) 16 (7.1) 183 (81.7) 224 (100)
11 (17.7) 4 (6.5) 47 (75.8) 62 (100)
Al-Mustansiriya University 10 (16.9) 3 (5.1) 46 (78) 59 (100)
University of Anbar 0 (0) 0 (0) 3 (100) 3 (100)
Mosul College of Medicine 0 (0) 0 (0) 18 (100) 18 (100)
Ninevah College of
Medicine
0 (0) 2 (22.2) 7 (77.8) 9 (100)
University of Kufa 7 (10.1) 9 (13) 53 (76.8) 69 (100)
University of Misan 1 (5.6) 0 (0) 17 (94.4) 18 (100)
University of THI-QAR 5 (12.2) 3(7.30) 33 (80.5) 41 (100)
University of Wasit 0 (0) 0 (0) 9 (100) 9 (100)
University
1 (10) 1 (10) 8 (80) 10 (100)
Total No. (%) 142 (11.5) 74 (6) 1024 (82.6) 1240 (100)

Page 23
Table (12) Distribution of universities regarding answers of the question “Do you have
a Facebook account?”
Table (12) shows that all of the Universities have high percentage of having a Facebook account except
University of AL-Qadisiyah (88.9%) which have relatively low percentage, and there is no statistically
significant association between the universities and having a Facebook account (P value = 0.540).
Universities
“Facebook account”
P
value
No
No. (%)
Yes
No. (%)
Total
No. (%)
0.540
Hawler Medical University 0 (0) 98 (100) 98 (100)
University of Duhok 0 (0) 37 (100) 37 (100)
Koya University 0 (0) 7 (100) 7 (100)
Medicine
2 (0.9) 222 (99.1) 224 (100)
College of Medicine
0 (0) 62 (100) 62 (100)
Al-Nahrain University 0 (0) 61 (100) 61 (100)
Al-Mustansiriya University 0 (0) 59 (100) 59 (100)
Al-Iraqia University 0 (0) 22 (100) 22 (100)
University of Diyala 0 (0) 54 (100) 54 (100)
Mosul College of Medicine 0 (0) 18 (100) 18 (100)
Ninevah College of Medicine 0 (0) 9 (100) 9 (100)
University of Kufa 0 (0) 69 (100) 69 (100)
University of Misan 0 (0) 18 (100) 18 (100)
University of Wasit 0 (0) 9 (100) 9 (100)
University
0 (0) 10 (100) 10 (100)
Total No. (%) 11 (0.9) 1229 (99.1) 1240 (100)

Page 24
Table (13) Distribution of universities regarding answers of the question “How many
hours do you spend daily using Facebook?”
Table (13) shows that the highest percentage (40.8%) of the medical students participated in the research in
general and specifically medical students from University of Sulaimani / School of Medicine (47.5%) were
using Facebook 1 to 3 hours daily. And there is statistically highly significant association between the
universities and the answers of the question (P value = 0.001).
Universities
Daily using Facebook
P
value
Less than
1 h
No. (%)
1-3 h
No. (%)
3-5 h
No. (%)
More
than 5 h
No. (%)
Total
No. (%)
University of Sulaimani 60 (32.8) 87 (47.5) 24 (13.1) 12 (6.6) 183 (100)
0.001
Hawler Medical University 24 (24.5) 52 (53.1) 19 (19.4) 3 (3.1) 98 (100)
University of Duhok 9 (24.3) 11 (29.7) 10 (27) 7 (18.9) 37 (100)
University of Kirkuk 6 (17.1) 13 (37.1) 8 (22.9) 8 (22.9) 35 (100)
Koya University 2 (28.6) 3 (42.9) 1 (14.3) 1 (14.3) 7 (100)
College of Medicine
21 (9.5) 83 (37.4) 61 (27.5) 57 (25.7) 222 (100)
2 (3.2) 16 (25.8) 22 (35.5) 22 (35.5) 62 (100)
Al-Nahrain University 5 (8.2) 25 (41) 18 (29.5) 13 (21.3) 61 (100)
Al-Mustansiriya University 4 (6.8) 26 (44.1) 15 (25.4) 14 (23.7) 59 (100)
Al-Iraqia University 2 (9.1) 8 (36.4) 8 (36.4) 4 (18.2) 22 (100)
University of Diyala 6 (11.1) 23 (42.6) 15 (27.8) 10 (18.5) 54 (100)
University of Anbar 1 (33.3) 1 (33.3) 1 (33.3) 0 (0) 3 (100)
University of Tikrit 1 (5) 8 (40) 7 (35) 4 (20) 20 (100)
Mosul College of Medicine 0 (0) 8 (44.4) 7 (38.9) 3 (16.7) 18 (100)
Ninevah College of
Medicine
1 (11.1) 2 (22.2) 4 (44.4) 2 (22.2) 9 (100)
University of Babylon 13 (14.4) 38 (42.2) 20 (22.2) 19 (21.1) 90 (100)
University of Kufa 6 (8.7) 38 (55.1) 16 (23.2) 9 (13) 69 (100)
University of Kerbala 0 (0) 1 (50) 1 (50) 0 (0) 2 (100)
University of Misan 3 (16.7) 7 (38.9) 5 (27.8) 3 (16.7) 18 (100)
University of AL-Qadisiyah 0 (0) 3 (37.5) 3 (37.5) 2 (25) 8 (100)
University of THI-QAR 13 (31.7) 6 (14.6) 14 (34.1) 8 (19.5) 41 (100)
AL-Muthanna University 1 (50) 0 (0) 1 (50) 0 (0) 2 (100)
University of Basrah 14 (15.6) 35 (38.9) 24 (26.7) 17 (18.9) 90 (100)
University of Wasit 1 (11.1) 3 (33.3) 4 (44.4) 1 (11.1) 9 (100)
University
0 (0) 4 (40) 2 (20) 4 (40) 10 (100)
Total No. (%) 195 (15.9) 501 (40.8) 310 (25.2) 223 (18.1) 1229 (100)

Page 25
Table (14) Summary statistics for attitude of the students towards use of Facebook.
Table (14) shows the distribution of Answers regarding the individual statements, and the percentage of the
answer “Yes” regarding each statement was: “Has Facebook become part of your daily routine?” as
(86.9%), “I feel I am part of the Facebook community.” as (64.8%), “I would be disappointed if Facebook
shuts down.” as (49.0%), “I have used Facebook to know more out someone I met in real life.” as (60.0%),
“I use Facebook to keep in touch with my old friends.” as (72.5%), “I use Facebook to meet new people.”
as (27.3%), “I use Facebook to be aware of things happening around me.” as (88.2%), and “I use Facebook
to be aware of worldwide news or facts.” as (86.9%).
Individual item or
statement
No
No. (%)
Yes
No. (%)
Missing
No. (%)
Total
No. (%)
Has Facebook
become part of
your daily routine?
152 (12.3) 1077 (86.9) 11 (0.9) 1240 (100)
I feel I am part of
the Facebook
community.
426 (34.4) 803 (64.8) 11 (0.9) 1240 (100)
I would be
disappointed if
Facebook shuts
down.
622 (50.2) 607 (49.0) 11 (0.9) 1240 (100)
I have used
Facebook to know
more out someone
I met in real life.
485 (39.1) 744 (60.0) 11 (0.9) 1240 (100)
I use Facebook to
keep in touch with
my old friends.
330 (26.6) 899 (72.5) 11 (0.9) 1240 (100)
I use Facebook to
meet new people.
890 (71.8) 339 (27.3) 11 (0.9) 1240 (100)
I use Facebook to
be aware of things
happening around
me.
135 (10.9) 1094 (88.2) 11 (0.9) 1240 (100)
I use Facebook to
be aware of
worldwide news or
facts.
161 (13.1) 1068 (86.9) 11 (0.9) 1240 (100)

Page 26
Figure (3) Distribution of the sample according to the percentage of addicted participants.
Figure (3) shows the percentage of addiction among the studied sample. In which (36%) were addicted,
while the remaining (64%) were not addicted.
Figure (4) Distribution of genders according to percentage of addiction.
Figure (4) shows that the majority of male gender (62.8%) are not addicted, while (37.2%) of them are
addicted. And the majority of female gender (65.3%) are not addicted, while (34.7%) are addicted.
Collectively, the percentage of addiction in males is slightly more than in females.
36%
64%
Addicted
Not Addicted
37.2%
34.7%
62.8%
65.3%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
Male Female
Addicted
Not Addicted

Page 27
Table (15) Distribution of universities regarding the percentage of addiction to use of
Facebook.
Table (15) shows that the highest percentage of addiction to use of Facebook is among the students of
University of Kirkuk (52.7%). And there was a statistically significant association between universities
and percentage of addiction.
Universities
Addiction to Facebook
P
value
Addicted
No. (%)
Not Addicted
No. (%)
Total
No (%)
0.013
Koya University 3 (42.9) 4 (57.1) 7 (100)
Medicine
95 (42.4) 129 (57.6) 224 (100)
College of Medicine
25 (40.3) 37 (59.7) 62 (100)
University of Diyala 20 (37) 34 (63.) 54 (100)
University of Anbar 1 (33.3) 2 (66.7) 3 (100)
University
5 (50) 5 (50) 10 (100)
Total No. (%) 440 (35.5) 800 (64.5) 1240 (100)

Chapter Four Discussion
Page 28
Discussion
4.1 Main finding
As far as we know, there’s only one research had been done in University of
Sulaimani / School of Medicine about the use of Facebook among medical students in
which participants were students of medical faculty and limited to University of
Sulaimani, and no other research had been done in Iraq about the same topic.
Our research has been done among students of colleges/schools of Medicine across
Iraq including twenty-five colleges/schools of Medicine throughout the country. In
addition, we estimated the percentage of students addicted to use of Facebook depending
on the “Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale -BFAS”.(30)
We found out that the mean age of the sample was years. Similarly, in
another research which was done in India, they found out that the mean age of the
participated medical students was 21.5 years.(31)
The similarity is due to the standard age
acceptable for medical school students.
The majority of the studied sample was resident inside-city with the percentage of
(88.6%). Similarly, in a research which was done in Michigan state university in United
States, they found out that (91%) of the students were inside-state.(32)
The explanation of
the high percentage of inside-city participants is that our survey was carried out through
the internet; therefore, the availability of internet connection is more regarding the inside-
city students compared to the outside-city students as they reside in dormitory.
Most of the participants were single with percentage of (96.9%) regarding marital
status, but due to absence of a supporting research including this variable, there’s no data
to compare with. The explanation is that all of the participants are still students and
they’re not ready for commitment yet.
Most of them had moderate economic level with percentage of (88.6%), but due to
absence of a supporting research including this variable, there’s no data to compare with.
Regarding gender, (62.5%) of the studied sample was females, and (37.5%) was
male. Similarly, in another research which was done in Malaysia, they found out that
(68%) of the studied sample was female, while (32%) was male.(27)
The explanation is
that females were more cooperative for participation in our study than males.
The highest percentage (31%) of participants was among fourth stage students.
Conversely, in a study which was done in Malaysia, the highest percentage of
participation was among first stage students, with percentage of (42.3%).(27)
The
explanation is that we are fourth stage students, therefore, we have more communications

Page 29
with our colleague in the same stage, and less with students of other stages, especially our
survey was conducted through the internet.
University of Baghdad had the highest percentage (18.1%) regarding response rate,
but due to absence of a supporting research which had been done in Iraq including this
variable, there’s no data to compare with. The explanation is that the University of
Baghdad has a high number of students and high number of participants.
AL-Muthanna University (100 %) and University of Diyala (74.1%) have the highest
percentage of correct answer regarding the question “When was Facebook established?”
and there is statistically highly significant association between the universities and the
answers of the question (P value = 0.001), but due to absence of a supporting research
including this variable, there’s no data to compare with. Because of low number of
participants in the mentioned universities compared to the universities having a high
number of participants (i.e. University of Baghdad and University of Sulaimani), so they
scored a higher percentage.
Koya University, University of Baghdad / Al-Kindy College of Medicine, Al-
Mustansiriya University, Al-Iraqia University, Mosul College of Medicine, Ninevah
College of Medicine, University of Misan, University of THI-QAR, AL-Muthanna
University, and University of Wasit have high percentage (100%) of correct answer
regarding the question “Who is the CEO (Head Manager) of Facebook?” and there is no
statistically significant association between the universities and the answers of the
question (P value = 0.492), but due to absence of a supporting research including this
variable, there’s no data to compare with. Expalation is due to that the CEO (Head
manager) Mark Zuckerberg is a very famous person in the world and is globally known.
AL-Muthanna University, University of Mosul, and University of Misan have the
highest percentage of correct answer (50%, 38.9%, and 38.9%) respectively regarding the
question “Is it true that there are 745 million daily Facebook mobile users?” and there is
no statistically significant association between the universities and the answers of the
variable, there’s no data to compare with. Explanation is that the answer to this question
depends on personal knowledge and information and is not related to universities or
gender.
University of Anbar and AL-Muthanna University have the highest percentage
(100%) of correct answer regarding the question “Where is the headquarters (Main
Office) of Facebook?” and there is no statistically significant association between the
universities and the answers of the question (P value = 0.359), but due to absence of a
supporting research including this variable, there’s no data to compare with. Explanation
is that the answer to this question depends on personal knowledge and information and is
not related to universities or gender.

Page 30
AL-Muthanna University and University of Kirkuk have the highest percentage of
correct answer (100%, and 69.4%) respectively regarding the question “Was Facebook
membership at the beginning limited to Harvard University students?” and there is
statistically highly significant association between the universities and the answers of the
variable, there’s no data to compare with. Explanation is that the answer to this question
depends on personal knowledge and information and is not related to universities or
gender.
AL-Muthanna University, University of Mosul, and University of Misan have the
highest percentage of correct answer (100%, 77.8%, and 72.2%) respectively regarding
the question “Does the term ‘Facebook Addiction’ refer to a real condition?” and there is
statistically highly significant association between the universities and the answers of the
variable, there’s no data to compare with. Explanation is that the participants know or
suspect that ‘Facebook Addiction’ is a real condition, especially they’re medical students.
University of Kerbala, University of Ninevah, and University of Sulaimani have the
highest percentage of correct answer (100%, 88.9%, and 88.2%) respectively regarding
the question “Does using Facebook have impacts on physical heath?” and there is
question (P value = 0.036). Similarly, in another research which was done in Malaysia in
2013, they found out that the percentage of medical students agreeing with presence of
relation between Facebook use and health problems was (75.3%).(26)
Explanation is that
the participants know it because they’re medical students and might have studied it or
read about it.
Koya University, University of Ninevah, and University of Kerbala have the highest
percentage (100%) of correct answer regarding the question “Can use of Facebook cause
headache, back pain, or wrist pain?” and there is statistically significant association
between the universities and the answers of the question (P value = 0.033). Similarly, in
the research which was done in Malaysia in 2013, they found out that the percentage of
medical students agreeing with presence of relation between Facebook use and headache,
back pain, or wrist pain was (74.7%).(26)
Explanation is that the participants know it
because they might have experienced it themselves or might have studied it or read about
it since they are medical students.
Koya University, University of Ninevah, and University of Sulaimani have the
highest percentage of correct answer (100%, 100%, and 90.9%) respectively regarding
the question “Can use of Facebook cause sleep disturbance?” and there is statistically
highly significant association between the universities and the answers of the question (P
value = 0.001). Similarly, in the research which was done in Malaysia in 2013, they
found out that the percentage of medical students agreeing with presence of relation

Page 31
between Facebook use and headache, back pain, or wrist pain was (74.7%).(26)
Explanation is that the participants know it because they might have experienced it
themselves or might have studied it or read about it since they are medical students.
University of Anbar, University of Mosul (Mosul College of medicine), University of
Kerbala, AL-Muthanna University, and University of Wasit have the highest percentages
(100%) of correct answer regarding the question “Does the use of Facebook cause ‘eye
irritation’?” and there is statistically highly significant association between the
universities and the answers of the question (P value = 0.016). Similarly, in the research
that was done in Malaysia in 2013, they found out that the percentage of medical students
agreeing with presence of relation between Facebook use and eye irritation was (64%).(26)
Explanation is that the participants know it because they might have experienced it
themselves or might have studied it or read about it since they are medical students.
All of the Universities have high percentage (more than 95%) of having a Facebook
account except University of AL-Qadisiyah (88.9%) which have relatively low
percentage, and there is no statistically significant association between the universities
and having a Facebook account (P value = 0.540). Similarly, in the research that was
done in Malaysia in 2013, they found out that the percentage of medical students having
Facebook accounts was (100%).(26)
Explanation is that Facebook had become the world’s
top social-media website and it has become popular among medical students.
The highest percentage (40.8%) of the medical students participated in the research in
general and specifically medical students from University of Sulaimani / School of
Medicine (47.5%) were using Facebook 1 to 3 hours daily. And there is statistically
highly significant association between the universities and the answers of the question (P
value = 0.001). Similarly, in the research that was done in Malaysia in 2013, they found
out that the percentage of medical students using Facebook daily on average was 2.5
hours.(26)
Explanation is that medical students don’t have so much time to spend using
Facebook more than 3 hours because more than that may affect their study adversely.
Regarding attitude of the students toward Facebook, the percentage of the answer
“Yes” regarding each statement was as follow: “Has Facebook become part of your daily
routine?” as (86.9%), “I feel I am part of the Facebook community.” as (64.8%), “I would
be disappointed if Facebook shuts down.” as (49.0%), “I have used Facebook to know
more out someone I met in real life.” as (60.0%), “I use Facebook to keep in touch with
my old friends.” as (72.5%), “I use Facebook to be aware of things happening around
me.” as (88.2%), and “I use Facebook to be aware of worldwide news or facts.” as
(86.9%). In the research which was done in Michigan State University in United States,
they found out that the majority of the participants had similarly high results regarding
the above statements as they agreed with the statements.(32)
The explanation is that
because Facebook has expanded so much until became part of daily life and our social
communications, therefore people nowadays get many benefits from it including the
above points.

Page 32
The percentage of the answer “Yes” regarding the statement “I use Facebook to meet new
people.” was (27.3%). Similarly, in the research which was done in Michigan State
University in United States, they found out that the majority of the participants had
similarly low percentage regarding the above statement as they disagreed with the
statement. The explanation is that Facebook not yet become a main way to meet new
people because a large number of people are not who they pretend to be on Facebook,
therefor people don’t trust anyone on Facebook to become their friends until they are
convinced that he/she is a real person. Therefore, the best way to meet new people is still
the old fashion way of real life social blending.
Al-Iraqia University, Ninevah College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, AL-
Muthanna, and Jabir ibn Hayyan Medical University have the highest percentage (100%)
of the answer “Yes” regarding the students' attitude towards the statement “I use
Facebook to be aware of things that are happening around me.” and there is no
variable, there’s no data to compare with. Explanation is that Facebook is not only a way
for social contact, but it has become a website for all kinds of information, news, facts,
and other kind of events. Therefore, People generally and medical students particularly
use it for that purpose.
University of Kerbala, University of AL-Qadisiyah, and University of THI-QAR
have High percentage of the answer “Yes” (100%, 100%, and 100%) respectively
regarding the students' attitude towards the statement “I use Facebook to be aware of
worldwide news or facts.” and there is no statistically significant association between the
universities and the answers of the question (P value = 0.062), but due to absence of a
supporting research including this variable, there’s no data to compare with. Explanation
is that Facebook is not only a way for social contact, but it has become a website for all
kinds of information, news, facts, and other kind of events. Therefore, People generally
and medical students particularly use it for that purpose.
The percentage of addiction among the participants was that (36%) were addicted,
while the remaining (64%) were not addicted. Similarly, in a research that was done in
Bangalore-India in 2015, they found out that the percentage of addicted medical students
was (32%), while the percentage of non-addicted was (68%).(31)
Explanation is that the
similarity is due to that both researches has been conducted among undergraduate
medical students with the same age range using the same addiction scale – Bergen
Facebook addiction scale.
The majority of male gender (62.8%) are not addicted, while (37.2%) of them are
addicted. And the majority of female gender (65.3%) are not addicted, while (34.7%) are
addicted. Collectively, the percentage of addiction in males is slightly more than in
females. Similarly, in the research that was done in Bangalore-India in 2015, they found
out that the majority of male gender (68.88%) are not addicted, while (31.12%) of them

Page 33
are addicted. And the majority of female gender (81.38%) are not addicted, while
(18.62%) are addicted.(31)
Collectively, the percentage of addiction in males is more than
in females. Explanation is that females in medical school give less time for internet
communication and care about their study more than males. In addition, female
communications in our society tends to be more private and less through public social
media such as Facebook unlike males.
The highest percentage of addiction to use of Facebook is among the students of
University of Kirkuk (52.7%), but due to lack of research on this subject done in Iraq, we
there’s no data to compare with. Explanation is that the number of participants in
University of Kirkuk is low (only 36 participants of which only 19 were regarded as
addicted) compared to other universities, therefore they scored a relatively higher
percentage regarding addiction.
4.2 Limitations of the study
The difficulties that we faced with the research were mainly the large number of
universities regarding data collection, because it needed taking permissions, distributing
the questionnaire forms, and collecting data from twenty-five different universities across
the country, this needed a continuous communication with all of them at the same time
within the short period of time which was put for us to collect the data.
Another large limitation for our study was lack of other researches on “Knowledge,
attitude, and practice regarding Facebook use and addiction” done among medical
students in Iraq, as well as presence of too few throughout the world, furthermore among
university students in general was also too little to support our study, therefore we faced a
big difficulty comparing our results to other researches
Another limitation was a obtaining a very low response from some universities in
middle and south of Iraq due to various causes, which affected the analysis of our data
giving extreme values and high percentages only due to participation of few students in
those universities.
Some of the students intentionally filled their forms with incorrect data which was a
very non-professional act of them.

Conclusions and
recommendations

Chapter Five Conclusion and Recommendation
Page 34
Conclusions and Recommendations
5.1 Conclusions
We can conclude the following points from the results of our study:
1- The majority of the participants were female, inside-city, single, moderate economic
level, fourth stage students and from University of Baghdad.
2- Most of the students with correct answer regarding the question “When was Facebook
established?” were from AL-Muthanna and Diyala universities, there was a
statistically highly significant association between the universities and the answers.
3- Most of the students from more than a half of Universities were answered correctly
regarding the question “Who is the CEO (Head Manager) of Facebook?” and there
was no significant association between the universities and the answers.
4- Most of the students with the correct answer regarding the question “Is it true that
there are 745 million daily Facebook mobile users?” “Does the term ‘Facebook
Addiction’ refer to a real condition?” were from AL-Muthanna, Mosul, and Misan
universities.
5- Most of the students with the correct answer regarding the question “Where is the
headquarters (Main Office) of Facebook?” were from Anbar and AL-Muthanna
Universities and there was no statistically significant association between the
universities and the answers.
6- Most of the students with the correct answer regarding the question “Was Facebook
membership at the beginning limited to Harvard University students?” were from AL-
Muthanna and Kirkuk universities and there was a high significant association
between the universities and the answers.
7- Most of the students from Kerbala, Ninevah, Sulaimani and Koya Universities
answered correctly regarding the questions “Does using Facebook have impacts on
physical heath?” “Can use of Facebook cause headache, back pain, or wrist pain?”
“Can use of Facebook cause sleep disturbance?” And there was significant
associations between the universities and the answers.

Page 35
8- Most of the students with the correct answer regarding the question “Does the use of
Facebook cause ‘eye irritation’?” were from Anbar, Mosul (Mosul College of
medicine),Kerbala, AL-Muthann, and Wasit, universities and there was a high
significant association between the universities and the answers.
9- Most of the students having a Facebook account from all of the Universities except
University of AL-Qadisiyah which have relatively low percentage, and there was no
significant association between the universities and having a Facebook account.
10- Regarding the question “How many hours do you spend daily using Facebook?”
Most of the students in general, records high percentages and specifically students
from University of Sulaimani / School of Medicine were using Facebook 1 to 3 hours
daily, there was a high significant association between the universities and the
answers.
11- Most of the students, Facebook had become part of their daily routine, they felt that
they were part of the Facebook community, they would be disappointed if Facebook
had shut down, used Facebook to know more about someone they met in real life,
they used Facebook to keep in touch with their old friends, to be aware of things that
are happening around them, and to be aware of worldwide news and facts.
12- The majority said that they don’t use Facebook to meet new people.
13- Male Students generally and students of University of Kirkuk recorded highest
percentage of addiction among students among all of the universities.

Page 36
5.2 Recommendations
1. Guide the students how to properly use Facebook and how to get the most benefits
from it by doing workshops and seminars for them and post procures, making
programs on Facebook itself telling them the real purpose of having a Facebook
account.
2. Students should have information about the health risks of Facebook if used
excessively.
3. More research should be done regarding our topic.

Chapter Six References
Page 37
References:
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Media Limited, 2015. Website: http://www.theguardian.com
2. Carolyn Abram, “What You Can Do on Facebook”, Facebook for Dummies, 5th
Edition, Year 2013, Volume 1, No. 45.
3. Nicholas Carlson, "At Last – The Full Story Of How Facebook Was Founded",
Business Insider, Business Insider Inc. 2010. Website:
http://www.businessinsider.com
4. Charlene Croft, “A Brief History of The Facebook “, Charlene Gagnon blog, Year
2007, No.1. Website: https://www.charlenegagnon.files.wordpress.com
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support learning”, Medical Teacher, The University of Melbourne, Australia, Year
2010, Chapter 32, Page 971–976. Website: http://www.currexec.mvm.ed.ac.uk
6. Facebook, "Information For Parents and Educators". Facebook Help Center, 2015.
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“Confronting the challenges of participatory culture: Media education for the 21st
century”, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, The MIT Press,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England, Year 2006. Page 11-19.
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Congress, University of Aarhus, Denmark, Year 2008.
10. M. Wiberg, “Netlearning and learning through networks”, Education Technology
Social, Year 2007, Page 49–61.
11. J. Dron, and T. Anderson, “Networks and Groups in Social Software for E-
learning”, Year 2007, Page 2460–2467.
12. Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) report, “Great expectations of ICT:
How higher education institutions are measuring up: Research study conducted for
the Joint Information Systems Committee”, Ipsos MORI, Borough Road, London,
2008.

Page 38
13. N. Ellison, C. Steinfeld, and C. Lampe, “The benefits of Facebook ‘friends’:
Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites”, Year 2007,
Page 1143–1168.
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Third St., N.W.Washington, D.C. Year 2006, No. 46904.
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Page 39
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Page 40
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http://investor.fb.com

Community and Family Medicine Department
Faculty of Medical Sciences
School of Medicine
2015 – 2016
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Students of Colleges/Schools of Medicine
in Iraq Regarding Use of Facebook and Addiction
Age:
Gender: Male1
( ) Female2
( )
Residency: Inside – City1
( ) Outside – City2
( )
University:
Stage:
Marital status: Single1
( ) Married2
( ) Divorced3
( ) Widow4
( )
Socio-economic state: Low1
( ) Moderate2
( ) High3
( )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Do you have a Facebook account?
Yes2
( ) No0
( )
2. When was Facebook established?
20020
( ) 20042
( ) 20090
( )
3. Who is the CEO (Head Manager) of Facebook?
Mark Zuckerberg2
( ) Donald Trump0
( ) Satya Nadella0
( )
4. Is it true that there are 745 million daily Facebook mobile users?
Yes2
( ) No0
( ) I don’t know1
( )
5. Where is the headquarters (Main Office) of Facebook?
USA2
( ) Europe0
( ) Canada0
( )
6. Was Facebook membership at the beginning limited to Harvard University students?
Yes2
( ) No0
( ) I don’t know1
( )
ID:

7. Does the term “Facebook Addiction” refer to a real condition?
Yes2
( ) No0
( ) I don’t know1
( )
8. Does using Facebook have impacts on physical heath?
Yes2
( ) No0
( ) I don’t know1
( )
9. Can use of Facebook cause headache, back pain, or wrist pain?
Yes2
( ) No0
( ) I don’t know1
( )
10.Can use of Facebook cause sleep disturbance?
Yes2
( ) No0
( ) I don’t know1
( )
11. Can use of Facebook cause eye irritation?
Yes2
( ) No0
( ) I don’t know1
( )
12. How many hours do you spend daily using Facebook?
Less than 1 hour1
( ) 1-3 hours2
( ) 3-5 hours3
( ) More than 5 hours4
( )
13. Has Facebook become part of your daily routine?
Yes2
( ) No0
( )
14. I feel I am part of the Facebook community.
Yes2
( ) No0
( )
15. I would be disappointed if Facebook shuts down.
Yes2
( ) No0
( )
16. I have used Facebook to know more out someone I met in real life.
Yes2
( ) No0
( )
17. I use Facebook to keep in touch with my old friends.
Yes2
( ) No0
( )
18. I use Facebook to meet new people.
Yes2
( ) No0
( )
19. I use Facebook to be aware of things that are happening around me.
Yes2
( ) No0
( )
20. I use Facebook to be aware of worldwide news or facts.
Yes2
( ) No0
( )

Have you…
21. Spent a lot of time thinking about Facebook or planned use of Facebook?
Very Rarely0
( ) Rarely0
( ) Sometimes1
( ) Often1
( ) Very Often1
( )
22. Thought about how you could free more time to spend on Facebook?
Very Rarely0
( ) Rarely0
( ) Sometimes1
( ) Often1
( ) Very Often1
( )
23. Thought a lot about what has happened on Facebook recently?
Very Rarely0
( ) Rarely0
( ) Sometimes1
( ) Often1
( ) Very Often1
( )
24. Spent more time on Facebook than initially intended?
Very Rarely0
( ) Rarely0
( ) Sometimes1
( ) Often1
( ) Very Often1
( )
25. Felt an urge to use Facebook more and more?
Very Rarely0
( ) Rarely0
( ) Sometimes1
( ) Often1
( ) Very Often1
( )
26. Felt that you had to use Facebook more and more in order to get the same pleasure
from it?
Very Rarely0
( ) Rarely0
( ) Sometimes1
( ) Often1
( ) Very Often1
( )
27. Used Facebook in order to forget about personal problems?
Very Rarely0
( ) Rarely0
( ) Sometimes1
( ) Often1
( ) Very Often1
( )
28. Used Facebook to reduce feelings of guilt, anxiety, helplessness, and depression?
Very Rarely0
( ) Rarely0
( ) Sometimes1
( ) Often1
( ) Very Often1
( )
29. Used Facebook in order to reduce restlessness?
Very Rarely0
( ) Rarely0
( ) Sometimes1
( ) Often1
( ) Very Often1
( )
30. Experienced that others have told you to reduce your use of Facebook but not
listened to them?
Very Rarely0
( ) Rarely0
( ) Sometimes1
( ) Often1
( ) Very Often1
( )
31. Tried to cut down on the use of Facebook without success?
Very Rarely0
( ) Rarely0
( ) Sometimes1
( ) Often1
( ) Very Often1
( )
32. Decided to use Facebook less frequently, but not managed to do so?
Very Rarely0
( ) Rarely0
( ) Sometimes1
( ) Often1
( ) Very Often1
( )

33. Become restless or troubled if you have been prohibited from using Facebook?
Very Rarely0
( ) Rarely0
( ) Sometimes1
( ) Often1
( ) Very Often1
( )
34. Become irritable if you have been prohibited from using Facebook?
Very Rarely0
( ) Rarely0
( ) Sometimes1
( ) Often1
( ) Very Often1
( )
35. Felt bad if you, for different reasons, could not log on to Facebook for some time?
Very Rarely0
( ) Rarely0
( ) Sometimes1
( ) Often1
( ) Very Often1
( )
36. Used Facebook so much that it has had a negative impact on your job/studies?
Very Rarely0
( ) Rarely0
( ) Sometimes1
( ) Often1
( ) Very Often1
( )
37. Given less priority to hobbies, leisure activities (e.g. watching a film), and exercise
because of Facebook?
Very Rarely0
( ) Rarely0
( ) Sometimes1
( ) Often1
( ) Very Often1
( )
38. Ignored your partner, family members, or friends because of Facebook?
Very Rarely0
( ) Rarely0
( ) Sometimes1
( ) Often1
( ) Very Often1
( )

) ( ‫ذمارة‬
‫َماني‬‫ي‬‫سل‬ ‫زانكؤي‬
‫ثزيشكييةكان‬ ‫زانستة‬ ‫َيت‬
‫ل‬‫فاكة‬
‫َي‬
‫ل‬‫سكو‬
‫ثزيشكي‬
َ‫ل‬‫كؤمة‬ ‫و‬ ‫َزان‬‫ي‬‫خ‬ ‫ثزيشكي‬ ‫لقي‬
5102
–
5102
‫ضوارةم‬ ‫قؤناغي‬
(
‫زا‬
‫بة‬ ‫َوودةبوون‬
‫ل‬‫ئا‬ ‫و‬ ‫َنان‬‫ي‬‫بةكاره‬ ‫و‬ ‫َست‬‫ي‬‫َو‬
‫ل‬‫هة‬ ‫و‬ ‫نياري‬
‫فةيسبووك‬
‫لة‬
‫اليةن‬
‫َرخوازانى‬‫ي‬‫ف‬
/ ‫َذي‬‫ي‬‫كؤل‬
‫َي‬
‫ل‬‫سكو‬
‫َراق‬‫ي‬‫ع‬ ‫لة‬ ‫ثزيشكي‬
‫و‬ ‫َنان‬‫ي‬‫بةكاره‬ ‫دةربارةي‬
‫فةيسبووك‬ ‫بة‬ ‫َودةبوون‬
‫ل‬‫ئا‬
)
: ‫تةمةن‬
‫َر‬‫ي‬‫ن‬ : ‫ِةطةز‬‫ر‬
0
َ‫ي‬‫م‬ . ) (
5
) (
‫ناوشار‬ : ‫َبوون‬‫ي‬‫نيشتةج‬ ‫َين‬‫ي‬‫شو‬
0
‫شار‬ ‫دةرةوةى‬ . ) (
5
) (
: ‫زانكؤ‬
‫قؤناغ‬
:
‫تاك‬ : ‫َزاني‬‫ي‬‫خ‬ ‫باري‬
0
) (
‫َزاندار‬‫ي‬‫خ‬
5
‫تة‬ ) (
‫آل‬
‫قدراو‬
3
‫َوةذن‬‫ي‬‫ب‬ ) (
4
(
)
-----------------------------------
0
-
َ‫ي‬َ
‫ل‬‫بة‬ ‫؟‬ ‫هةية‬ ‫فةيسبوكت‬
5
) (
‫َر‬‫ي‬‫نةخ‬
1
) (
5
-
‫؟‬ ‫دامةزرا‬ ‫فةيسبووك‬ ‫كةي‬
1
5115
) (
5
5114
) (
1
5112
) (

3
-
‫فةيسبووكة‬ ‫َوبةري‬‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬‫بة‬ َ‫ي‬‫ك‬
‫؟‬
‫ًرط‬‫ي‬‫زوكةرب‬ ‫مارك‬
5
‫ترةمث‬ ‫َد‬
‫ل‬‫دؤنا‬ ) (
1
‫َال‬‫ي‬‫ناد‬ ‫ساتيا‬ ) (
1
) (
4
-
‫ِؤذانة‬‫ر‬ ‫ِاستة‬‫ر‬ ‫ئايا‬
542
‫م‬ ‫لةسةر‬ ‫هةن‬ ‫فةيسبووك‬ ‫َنةري‬‫ي‬‫بةكاره‬ ‫مليؤن‬
‫ؤ‬
‫؟‬ ‫بايل‬
َ‫ي‬َ
‫ل‬‫بة‬
5
‫َر‬‫ي‬‫نةخ‬ ) (
1
‫نازامن‬ ) (
0
) (
2
-
‫؟‬ ‫ية‬ َ‫ي‬‫كو‬ ‫لة‬ ‫فةيسبووك‬ ‫سةرةكي‬ ‫ئؤفيسي‬
‫و‬
‫ئةمربكا‬ ‫يةكطرتوةكانى‬ ‫ياليةتة‬
5
‫ئةوروثا‬ ) (
1
‫كةنةدا‬ ) (
1
) (
2
-
‫لةسةرةتادا‬ ‫ئايا‬
‫د‬ ‫تةنها‬ ‫فةيسبووك‬ ‫ئةنداميةتي‬
‫َذى‬‫ي‬‫كؤل‬ ‫قوتابيةكاني‬ ‫بؤ‬ ‫بوو‬ ‫ياريكراو‬
‫؟‬ ‫هارظارد‬
َ‫ي‬َ
‫ل‬‫بة‬
5
‫َر‬‫ي‬‫نةخ‬ ) (
1
0
) (
5
-
‫دةستةواذةى‬ ‫ئايا‬
"
‫ئ‬
‫راستةقينةية‬ ‫نةخؤشييةكي‬ " ‫فةيسبووكةوة‬ ‫بة‬ ‫َوودةبون‬
‫ل‬‫ا‬
‫؟‬
َ‫ي‬َ
‫ل‬‫بة‬
5
‫َر‬‫ي‬‫نةخ‬ ) (
1
0
) (
8
-
‫تةندروسيت‬ ‫لةسةر‬ ‫هةية‬ ‫كاريطةري‬ ‫فةيسبووك‬ ‫َناني‬‫ي‬‫بةكاره‬ ‫ئايا‬
‫جةستة‬
‫؟‬
َ‫ي‬َ
‫ل‬‫بة‬
5
‫َر‬‫ي‬‫نةخ‬ ) (
1
0
) (
2
-
‫سةر‬ ‫هؤي‬ ‫َتة‬‫ي‬‫دةب‬ ‫فةيسبووك‬ ‫َناني‬‫ي‬‫بةكاره‬ ‫ئايا‬
‫ئ‬
‫َشة‬‫ي‬
،
‫ثشت‬ ‫ئازارى‬
‫و‬
‫؟‬ ‫دةست‬ ‫جومطةي‬ ‫ئازاري‬
َ‫ي‬َ
‫ل‬‫بة‬
5
) (
1
) (
‫نازامن‬
0
) (
01
-
‫دة‬ ‫فةيسبووك‬ ‫َناني‬‫ي‬‫بةكاره‬ ‫ئايا‬
‫؟‬ ‫خةو‬ ‫َكضووني‬‫ي‬‫ت‬ ‫هؤي‬ ‫َتة‬‫ي‬‫ب‬
َ‫ي‬َ
‫ل‬‫بة‬
5
) (
1
) (
‫نازامن‬
0
) (
00
-
‫هؤي‬ ‫َتة‬‫ي‬‫دةب‬ ‫فةيسبووك‬ ‫َناني‬‫ي‬‫بةكاره‬ ‫ئايا‬
‫وروذاندن‬
‫؟‬ ‫ضاو‬ ‫ي‬
َ‫ي‬َ
‫ل‬‫بة‬
5
) (
1
) (
‫نازامن‬
0
) (
05
-
‫؟‬ ‫فةيسبووك‬ ‫لةسةر‬ ‫دةبةى‬ ‫بةسةر‬ ‫َر‬‫ي‬‫كاتذم‬ ‫ضةند‬ ‫ِؤذانة‬‫ر‬
‫يةك‬ ‫لة‬ ‫كةمرت‬
‫َر‬‫ي‬‫كاتذم‬
0
) (
0
-
3
5
) (
3
-
2
3
‫لة‬ ‫زياتر‬ ) (
2
4
) (
03
-
‫لة‬ ‫َك‬‫ي‬‫بةش‬ ‫بووةتة‬ ‫فةيسبووك‬ ‫ئايا‬
‫ِؤذانة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذياني‬
‫؟‬
َ‫ي‬َ
‫ل‬‫بة‬
5
) (
1
) (

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