Shastra and anushastra by Akash Boghara

REFERENCE:
• सु.सू.८- शस्त्रावचारणीय अध्याय
• अ.हृ.सू.२६- शस्त्रवववि अध्याय

 WHAT IS SHASTRA ?
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

NIRUKTI
• The word “Shastra” is derived from
• शस् – मूल िातु
• Which means to do injury.
DEFINITION
• The instrument having sharp edge is called as “SHASTRA”.
• Any instrument which causes injury to the tissue is considered
as “SHASTRA”.
• The instruments having sharp edge by which we can utilise
Chhedanadi ashtavidha shastra karma are called as
“SHASTRA”.
व िंसा
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

•
 Sushruta has mentioned that we Should identify these Shastra and their
shape & their function by their names.
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

1. MANDALAGRA SHASTRA :-
• English Name : Round knife
• Shape : Circular or Round headed cutting
instrument.
• Length : 6 Angula
• Karma : Chhedana , Lekhana
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

2. KARAPATRA SHASTRA :-
• English Name : Surgical Saw
• Shape : Its blade resembles the saw
• Karma : Chhedana , Lekhana
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

3. VRUDDHIPATRA SHASTRA :-
• English Name : Bistoury / Surgical Razor
• Shape : Its blade resembles the leaf of Vruddhi
plant
• Karma : Chhedana , Bhedana
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

4. NAKHA SHASTRA :-
• English Name : Surgical Nail Parer
• Shape : Has 2 edges straight & curved (A.H.)
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

5. MUDRIKA SHASTRA :-
• English Name : Finger Knife
• Shape : It resembles the Finger ring
• Length : Similar to Surgeon’s distal phalanx of index
finger
• Karma : Chhedana , Bhedana , In removal of
Moodhagarbha
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

6. UTPALAPATRA SHASTRA :-
• English Name : Lancet
• Shape : Its blade resembles the leaf of Lotus
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

7. ARDHADHARA SHASTRA :-
• English Name : Curved Lancet / A type of
Surgical knife (single edged)
• Shape : Its blade has 2 edges; Sharp & Blunt
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

8. SUCHI SHASTRA :-
• English Name : Surgical Needle
• Shape : Having sharp pointed tip and varies acc. to
different sizes
• Length : 2 or 3 Angula {सु. सू. अ. २५}
• Karma : Visravana , Vedhana , Seevana
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

9. KUSHAPATRA SHASTRA :-
• English Name : Scalpel
• Shape : Its blade resembles the leaf of Kusha plant
• Karma : Vishravana
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

10.AATIMUKHA SHASTRA :-
• English Name : Short Surgical Scissors
• Shape : Its blade resembles the beak of an aquatic
bird named Aati
• Karma : Visravana
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

11. SHARARIMUKHA SHASTRA :-
• English Name : Long Surgical Scissors
• Shape : Its blades resembles the mouth of a bird
having long beak named Sharari
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

12. ANTARMUKHA SHASTRA :-
• English Name : Curved Lancet
• Shape : Its blades resemble the Half Moon facing
inwards (outside – convex)
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

13. TRIKURCHAKA SHASTRA :-
• English Name : Spiked brush / Metallic brush
• Shape : It is a brush like structure having 3 knife
like thin spikes
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

14. KUTHARIKA SHASTRA :-
• English Name : Surgical Axe
• Shape : Its blade resembles like an Axe
• Karma : Vedhana
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

15.VRIHIMUKHA SHASTRA :-
• English Name : Trocar
• Shape : Its blade resembles the grain of Vrihi (Dangar)
• Karma : Vedhana
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

16. ARA SHASTRA :-
• English Name : Awl / Thick Spike
• Shape : It is similar to thick and big needle
(cobbler’s needle)
• Karma : Vedhana (Karna vedhana)
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

17. VETASPATRA SHASTRA :-
• English Name : Scalpel
• Shape : Its blade resembles the leaf of Vetas (netar) tree
• Karma : Vedhana
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

18. BADISH SHASTRA :-
• English Name : Sharp hook
• Shape : It resembles the hook
• Karma : Aaharana
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

19. DANTASHANKU SHASTRA :-
• English Name : Tooth Scrapper
• Shape : It has Cone shaped tip which is bended
forward downwards
• Karma : Aaharana
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

20. ESHANI SHSTRA :-
• English Name : Sharp probe
• Shape : It is of thin rod like shape having slightly
pointed tip
• Karma : Eshana , Anulomana
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

 ACC. TO VAGBHATTA :-
 In addition to the earlier 20 Shastras , the 6 other Shastras mentioned by him are ;
1. Sarpamukha Shastra :- Its blade resembles the mouth of snake and having ½ Angula
length. It is used for Chhedana of Arsha in Ghrana and Karna.
2. Vedhana Shalaka Shastra :- It is called as Cataract needle and used in Linganaasha
(Cataract) chikitsa.
3. Koorcha Shastra :-
4. Khaja Shastra :-
5. Kartari Shastra :- It is similar to Shararimukha Shastra.
6. Karnavedhana Shastra :- It is similar to Ara & Suchi Shastra.
Both are similar to Trikurchaka Shastra.
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

 Acc. To Ashtavidha Karma :-
• तत्र मण्डलाग्रकरपत्रे स्यातािं छेदने लेखने च,
वृविपत्रनखशस्त्रमुविकोत्पलपत्रकािधिारावण छेदने भेदने च,
सूचीकुशपत्राटीमुखशराररमुखान्तमुधखवत्रकूचधकावन ववस्रावणे,
कुठाररकाव्रीव मुखारावेतसपत्रकावण व्यिने सूची च, बवडशिं
दन्तशङ्कुश्चा रणे, एषण्येषणे आनुलोम्ये च, सूच्यः सीवने; इत्यष्टवविे
कमधण्युपयोगः शस्त्राणािं व्याख्यातः||
- सु.सू.८/४
 Acc. To Length :-
• तत्र नखशस्त्रैषण्यावष्टाङ्गुले , सूच्यो वक्ष्यन्ते [सूच्यो वक्ष्यन्त इवत
अष्टवविशस्त्रकमीये (सू. अ. २५) ‘द्व्यङ्गुला त्र्यङ्गुला’ इत्यावदना
सूच्यो वक्ष्यन्त इवत ], प्रदेवशन्यग्रपवधप्रदेशप्रमाणा मुविका, दशाङ्गुला
शराररमुखी सा च (या सा) कतधरीवत कथ्यते) |शेषावण तु षडङ्गुलावन||
- सु.सू.८/७
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

 PARTS OF SHASTRA :-
• A typical Shastra
consists of these parts :
1. Moola (Rear end)
2. Vrunta (Handle)
3. Greeva (Neck)
4. Phalak (Blades)
5. Prushtha (Non
Cutting Edge)
6. Dhara (Cutting
Edge)
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

 SHASTRA GRAHAN VIDHI :-
• तेषामथ यथायोगिं ग्र णसमासोपायः कमधसु वक्ष्यते- तत्र वृविपत्रिं वृन्तफलसािारणे
भागे गृह्णीयात्,भेदनान्येविं सवाधवण (तर्धनी मध्यमा अङ्गुष्ैः गृह्णीयात् सुसमाव तः।
-अ.हृ.सू.२६/३१),वृविपत्रिं मण्डलाग्रिं च वकवचचदुत्तानेन पावणना लेखने
ब ुशोऽवचायं, वृन्ताग्रे ववस्रावणावन, ववशेषेण तु बालवृिसुकुमारभीरुनारीणािं राज्ािं
रार्मा(पु)त्राणािं च वत्रकूचधकेन ववस्रावयेत्,
तलप्रच्छावदतवृन्तमङ्गुष्प्रदेवशनीभयािं व्रीव मुखिं,
कुठाररकािं वाम स्तन्यस्तावमतर स्तमध्यमाङ्गुल्याऽङ्गुष्ववष्ट्ियाऽवभ न्यात् ,
आराकरपत्रैषण्यो मूले, शेषावण तु यथायोगिं गृह्णीयात्||
- सु.सू.८/५ -BY AKASH BOGHARA

 SHASTRA NIRMANA :-
• शस्त्राण्येतावन मवतमान् शुिशैक्यायसावन तु|
कारयेत् करणप्राप्तिं कमाधरिं कमधकोववदम् ||
- सु.सू.८/१९
 The intelligent physician should get the Shastras
manufactured from pure, strong and hard iron (Steel) by a
person who has expertise and skill in his work.
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

• तावन सुग्र ावण, सुलो ावन, सुिारावण, सुरूपावण,
सुसमाव तमुखाग्रावण, अकरालावन, चेवत शस्त्रसम्पत् ||
- सु.सू.८/८
1) सुग्र ावण - Should be having a good handle
2) सुलो ावन - Should be made of good metal
3) सुिारावण - Should be have good sharpen blade
4) सुरूपावण - Should have good appearance
5) सुसमाव तमुखाग्रावण - Should be with very fine & well placed
blades and tip
6) अकरालावन - Should not having any scratches
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

• तत्र वक्रिं, कुण्ठिं, खण्डिं, खरिारम्, अवतस्थूलम्, अवततुच्छम्, अवतदीर्धम्, अवतह्रस्वम्, इत्यष्टौ शस्त्रदोषाः|
अतो ववपरीतगुणमाददीत, अन्यत्र करपत्रात्; तवि खरिारमवस्थच्छेदनाथधम् ||
- सु.सू.८/९
1) वक्रिं - Crooked / Bent
2) कुण्ठिं - Blunt
3) खण्डिं - Broken
4) खरिारम् - Rough/Serrated edge
5) अवतस्थूलम् - Very thick & big
6) अवततुच्छम् - Very thin & small
7) अवतदीर्धम् - Very long
8) अवतह्रस्वम् - Very short
 So, instruments having opposite qualities of these should be use.
 Exception :
o The Karapatra shastra
(Surgical saw)
 Its edge should be hard and
rough since it’s used to cut
the bones.
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

 SHASTRA DHARA PRAMANA (ACC. TO KARMA):-
KARMA / SHASTRA DHARA PRAMANA
Bhedana Size of the lentil
Lekhana Size of half lentil
Vyadhana & Visravana Size of the hair
Chhedana Should be of half of a hair in thickness
Badisha & Dantashanku Tip should be bent forward
Eshani Tip should be have one of the 3 types of shape like;
Sharp spike , First leaf of yava plant , Earthworm
• तत्र िारा भेदनानािं मासूरी, लेखनानामिधमासूरी, व्यिनानािं ववस्रावणानािं च कै वशकी, छेदनानामिधकै वशकीवत ||
- सु.सू.८/१०
बवडशिं दन्तशङ्कुश्चानताग्रे | तीक्ष्णकण्टकप्रथमयवपत्रमुख्येषणी (गण्डूपदाकारमुखी च) ||
- सु.सू.८/११
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

 Purpose of Shastra payana :-
• Instruments other than those made up of stainless steel are
susceptible to get rust and contaminated and in course of
time may become blunt.
• This can lead to irritation and inflammation in surgical
cases and may even a cause for improper surgery.
 Procedure of Shastra payana :-
• Procedure generally adopted for payana is to make the
blade of the instrument red hot by holding it in flame and
immediately dipping it in a liquid for a few seconds and
removing it out.
• By payana, sharpness of the blade becomes augmented
and more effective in its performance.
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

Methods of Shastra payana :-
 These are of 3 types ;
• तेषािं पायना वत्रवविा क्षारोदकतैलेषु | तत्र क्षारपावयतिं शरशल्यावस्थच्छेदनेषु,
उदकपावयतिं मािंसच्छेदनभेदनपाटनेषु, तैलपावयतिं वसराव्यिनस्नायुच्छेदनेषु ||
- सु.सू.८/१२
SR
NO.
NAME MATERIAL
USED
USES
1. KSHARA ALKALI EXCISION OF ARROWS, FOREIGN
BODIES AND BONES.
2. UDAKA WATER EXCISION, INCISION, SPLITTING OF
MUSCLES
3. TAILA OIL PUNCTURING OF BLOOD VESSELS
AND EXCISION OF LIGAMENTS &
TENDONS.
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

 SHASTRA DHARA NISHANA & SAMSTHAPANA :-
 तेषािं वनशानाथं श्लक्ष्णवशला माषवणाध; िारासिंस्थापनाथं शाल्मलीफलकवमवत ||
- सु.सू.८/१३
• For more sharpening of the Dhara of Shastra its blades are rubbed on a smooth stone
having Maasha varna (Black gram).
• And to maintain the sharpness and make the edge spashta anf mrudu the blades are
rubbed on the shaft of the Shalmali tree.
SHASTRA SAMSTHAPANAARTHA SHASTRA KOSHA :-
(-अ.हृ.सू.२६/३३-३४)
• The instrument case should be 12 inches in length and 9 inches in width and
made with Jute leaves, wool, Thick silk cloth, Leather etc.
• It is well stitched with compartments for keeping the instruments and the
inner part should be smooth and covered with woolen cloth and its mouth
closed and held tight with a rod and also it should be easy to carry.
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

 KARMA YOGYA SHASTRA:-
1. सुनिनितं Payana & Dhara samsthapan should be done on it
2. रोमच्छेनि It should be capable to cut the hair on skin (fur) into two
3. सुसंनथितम् Every parts of it should be well placed and stable at their place
4. सुगृहीतं It should be able to hold easily
5. प्रमाणेि It should be of proper size and measurements as early mentioned
• यदा सुवनवशतिं शस्त्रिं रोमच्छेवद सुसिंवस्थतम् |
सुगृ ीतिं प्रमाणेन तदा कमधसु योर्येत् ||
- सु.सू.८/१४
• The Shastras having following qualities should be used for Shastrakarma;
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

 INTRODUCTION :-
 Anu = Subordinate, Accessory, Similar etc.
 Shastra = Instrument
• अनुशस्त्रावण ीनशस्त्रावण शस्त्रसदृशावन वा| - डल् ण (सु.सू.८/१५)
“Anushastra” means instruments like substances
which can occasionally used as Shastras. Also
called as ‘Hina shastra’ because it is not having all
the ideal qualities of Shastra.
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

 ACC. TO SUSHRUTA :-
• अनुशस्त्रावण तु
त्वक्सारस्फवटककाचकुरुववन्दर्लौकोवननक्षारनखगोर्ीशेफावलकाशाकपत्रकरीरबालाङ्गुलय इवत ||
- सु.सू.८/१५
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

 USE OF ANUSHASTRA :-
 वशशूनािं शस्त्रभीरूणािं शस्त्राभावे च योर्येत् | त्वक्सारावदचतुवधगं छेद्ये भेद्ये च बुविमान् ||
आ ायधच्छेद्यभेद्येषु नखिं शक्येषु योर्येत् | ववविः प्रवक्ष्यते पश्चात् क्षारववजलौर्लौकसाम् ||
ये स्युमुधखगता रोगा नेत्रवत्मधगताश्च ये | गोर्ीशेफावलकाशाकपत्रैववधस्रावयेत्तु तान् ||
एष्येष्वेषण्यलाभे तु बालाङ्गुल्यङ्कुरा व ताः ||
- सु.सू.८/१६- १९
• Anushastras are used to carry out Shastra karma in Children, Persons who afraid of Shastra
and in the absence of Shastra.
• The physician should make use of the group of 4 (Twak sara, Sphatika, Kaacha & Kuruvinda)
for Chhedana and Bhedana.
• The Nakha may be used for Aaharana, Chhedana & Bhedana when possible.
• The procedure of using Kshara, Agni and Jalauka is described in their separate chapters.
• In Diseases of the mouth and the eyelids, Vishravana should be done by using the leaves of
Gojihva, Shephalika (Paarijata) and Shaka.
• When Eshani (Probe) is not available Eshana should be done with Hairs, Fingers or
Karira ankura.
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

IMPORTANCE OF HAVING
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SHASTRA
PRAYOGA:-
 प्रयोगज्स्य वैद्यस्य वसविभधववत वनत्यशः |
तस्मात् पररचयिं कुयाधच्छस्त्राणािं ग्र णे सदा ||
- सु.सू.८/२०
• A physician, skilled in the art of using
surgical instruments, is always
successful in his professional practice,
and hence the practice of surgery should
be commenced at the very outset of
medical studies.
-BY AKASH BOGHARA

Shastra and anushastra by Akash Boghara

Shastra and anushastra by Akash Boghara

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