Agile Network India | Block Chain - New usecases by Abhilash Aravind

1. BLOCKCHAIN
NEW USE-CASES
Abhilash K A
19 Sep 2021

2. Contents
• Blockchain – Use cases :
• New Use case - Blockchain in Identity
• Introduction to Blockchain
• Overview on Bitcoin
• DLT
• Blockchain – Classification

3. Blockchain Use cases
• IBM World wire
• Food Trust by IBM

4. IBM World Wire
Image Courtesy: IBM

5. Food Trust
Image Courtesy: snapperbuzz.com

6. New Use Case
• Distributed Identity

7. Internet
Image Courtesy: The New Yorker

8. Identity in Internet
• Initial days
• Mid 90s
• Platforms
• Decentralized Identity

9. Distributed Identity
Image courtesy: Hyperledger, Drummond Reed

10. Blockchain

11. Blockchain
• Blockchain is an
– open
– distributed ledger
– that can record
transactions
– between two parties
– efficiently and
– in a verifiable and
permanent way.
• source: hbr.org

12. Blockchain
• Blockchain is a growing list of records, called blocks,
that are linked using cryptography.
• Each block contains cryptographic hash of previous
block
• Each block contains transaction data and timestamp
• Source : Wikipedia.org

13. Distributed Systems

14. Distributed Systems
• There are many, notable
– Torrent (File Sharing system)
– Bitcoin

15. Bitcoin

16. Bitcoin
• Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency,
without a central bank or single administrator,
that can be sent from user to user
on the peer-to-peer bitcoin network
without the need for intermediaries.
• Satoshi Nakamoto
• Initial Release : 9 Jan 2009
• Source: wikipedia.org

17. Blockchain

18. Why Blockchain…

19. Questions….
• Muhammad Saeed al-Sahhaf
Image courtesy: Google

20. Distributed
Ledger
Technology

21. Blocks – linked
Previous
Hash()
Current
Hash()
Transaction #20
Previous
Hash()
Current
Hash()
Transaction #21
Previous
Hash()
Current
Hash()
Transaction #22
Prev
Hash
Tran

22. Blocks – Merkle Root
Previous
Hash()
Current
Hash()
txn, txn, … ,txn
Previous
Hash()
Current
Hash()
txn, txn, … ,txn
Previous
Hash()
Current
Hash()
txn, txn, … ,txn
Prev
Hash
txn,
H(OUTPUT11, OUTPUT12)
Hash of the block
txn.. txn.. txn.. txn..
H(txn…)
OUTPUT01
H(txn…)
OUTPUT02
H(txn…)
OUTPUT03
H(txn…)
OUTPUT04
H(OUTPUT01, OUTPUT02)
OUTPUT11
H(OUTPUT01, OUTPUT02)
OUTPUT12

23. Consensus • PoW
– (Proof of Work)
• PoS
– (Proof of Stake)
• PBFT
– (Practical Byzantine
Fault Tolerance)
• to achieve overall
system reliability in the
presence of a number of
faulty processes.
• applications of
consensus include
agreeing on what
transactions to commit
to a database
• Ref: wikipedia.org

24. • Peer 2 Peer Network
1
• Cryptography
Asymmetric
2
• Distributed Consensus
3
Distributed Ledger Technology .. Summarized.

25. Salient Features

26. Blockchain Classification
• Public
• Private
• Permissioned
• Non-Permissioned

27. Classification - Matrix

28. Private Blockchain
PRIVATE BLOCKCHAIN
NIZATION TYPE Single entity or organization
USERS Known & trusted participants
ACCESS Access fully restricted
WORK TYPE Centralized; single point of failure
PERATION Pre-approved participants can read &/or initiate transactions
RIFICATION Single validator node or central authority to create a block
MUTABILITY Secured by distributed consensus
ONSENSUS
ECHANISM
Voting or variations of PoW/PoS consensus algorithms
ECURITY Security is dependent on the blockchain architecture adopted.
TRUST Entrusted; central control
ACTION SPEED High; secs to create a block
ENERGY
NSUMPTION
Low
ALABILITY Better scalability as high storage and computational power is not requir

29. Usage…
Do you
need
to
store
the
State?
Are
there
multipl
e
writers
?
Can
you
use an
always
Online
TTP?
Are all
writers
known
?
Are all
writers
truste
d?
Is public
verifiabili
ty
required
?
Permissionles
s
Blockchain
Public
Permissioned
Blockchain
Private
Permissioned
Blockchain
Don’t use
Blockchain
YES
NO NO YES
YES
NO
NO YES
YES YES NO NO

30. HyperLedger

31. Hyperledger Fabric - Nodes

32. Hyperledger

33. New Use Case
• Distributed Identity

34. Internet
Image Courtesy: The New Yorker

35. Identity in Internet
• Initial days
• Mid 90s
• Platforms
• Decentralized Identity
No control of over their own data.

36. Centralized Identity
Image courtesy: Hyperledger, Drummond Reed

37. Third party as Identity Provider
Image courtesy: Hyperledger, Drummond Reed

38. Distributed Identity
Image courtesy: Hyperledger, Drummond Reed

39. SSI in Action
• DID would be based on
standard
• DID would be using
pairwise unique
pseudonym.
• Zero knowledge proofs
• Verifiable credentials
Image courtesy: Sovrin Foundation

40. QUESTIONS?

41. APPENDIX

42. Cryptography
In ancient India
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulabhadra
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlecchita_vikalpa
Modern Cryptography
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Encryption_Standard
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffie%E2%80%93Hellman_key_exchange
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-knowledge_proof

43. Blockchain
Technology