Pulmonary TB is a bacterial infection of the lungs that can cause a range of symptoms, including chest pain, breathlessness, and severe coughing. Pulmonary TB can be life-threatening if a person does not receive treatment. People with active TB can spread the bacteria through the air.
2. DEFINITION
It is infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and
characterized by the formation of tubercles (round nodules) or
granulomas in lungs.
It may be transmitted to other body parts such as meningitis, bones,
kidneys, lymph nodes.
3. Latent TB - the bacteria
remain in the body in an
inactive state. They cause
no symptoms and are not
contagious, but they can
become active.
Active TB - the bacteria
do cause symptoms and
can be transmitted to
others.
4.
5. Global India
Incidence 1,04,00,000
(140/lakh)
27,90,000
(211/lakh)
Deaths 16,74,000
(22/lakh)
4,35,000
(33/lakh)
HIV TB
cases
10,30,000
(14/lakh)
87,000
(6.6/lakh)
HIV TB
deaths
3,74,000
(5.0/lakh)
12,000
(0.9/lakh)
Estimated
MDR/RR
cases
6,01,000
(8.1/lakh
population)
1,47,000
(11/ lakh
population)
Global TB Burden -2017
6. INCIDENCE
Tuberculosis (TB) remains the world's deadliest infectious disease
although global efforts have averted an estimated 54 million
tuberculosis (TB) deaths since 2000, the World Health
Organization (WHO) warned on Tuesday. WHO, in its latest 2018
Global TB Report, says countries are still not doing enough to end
TB by 2030 and calls for an unprecedented mobilization of
national and international commitments.
17. Directly
Observation
Treatment
Shortcourse
Why? Many patient don’t take medicine
regularly ,even if excellent health
education provided.
Who? All patient…impossible to
predict which patient will take
medicine(1/3 not adherent).
What? Observer watches and helps
patient swallow tablets.
Where? Anywhere (home, clinic, work,
school etc).
Who does it? HCW, community
workers , teacher.
Direct observation ensure treatment for
entire course with the right drugs, in the
right dose, at the right intervals.
23. `
Category Type of patient Regimen Duration in
months
Test at month
Category I
COLOR OF
BOX: RED
New sputum
smear positive
New sputum
smear negative
New extra
pulmonary
New others
2(HRZE)3
4(HR)3
6 2
Category II
COLOR OF
BOX:BLUE
Sputum positive
relapse
Sputum positive
failure
After default
2(HRZES)3
1(HRZE)3
5(HRE)3
8 3
Category III
COLOR OF
BOX:GREEN
Sputum negative,
Extra pulmonary
not seriously ill
2(HRZ)3
4(HR)3
6
29. NURSES AND
CASE
DETECTION:
• First point to call in
primary care services
• Health education
• Holding patient from
presentation to
registration
• Reporting and
recording
70% CASE
DETECTION-
30. Nurses and
treatment
success
85 % treatment success
• Patient care
• Health education
• Treatment monitoring
• Reporting and recording
32. NURSING
DIAGNOSIS
Ineffective airway clearance related to
copious tracheobronchial secretions
Deficient knowledge about treatment regimen
and preventive health measures and related
ineffective individual management of the
therapeutic regimen (noncompliance)
Activity intolerance related to fatigue, altered
nutritional status, and fever
33. PREVENTION
Wash your hands after sneezing, coughing or holding your hands near
your mouth or nose.
Cover your mouth with a tissue when you cough, sneeze or laugh.
Discard used tissues in a plastic bag, then seal and throw it away.
Do not attend work or school.
Avoid close contact with others.
Sleep in a room away from other family members.
Ventilate your room regularly. TB spreads in small closed spaces. Put a
fan in your window to blow out air that may contain bacteria
Vaccination (BCG)
34. RESEARCH STUDY
Aspirin could be the new target for treating drug-resistant
tuberculosis, as tuberculosis bacterium was found to hijack
platelets from the blood clotting system to weaken body's
immune system, according to the research led by the Centenary
Institute in Sydney
36. CONCLUSION
Urine testing of people with HIV for tuberculosis can save lives and be
cost-effective, stated findings from an international team of
investigators published in The Lancet Global Health and could
influence international guidelines on TB testing. Screening all
hospitalized patients with HIV for tuberculosis (TB) using urine tests
would improve life expectancy and be cost-effective in Malawi and
South Africa