The document summarizes the development of paradigms in public administration as described in a 1975 article by Nicholas Henry. It outlines five paradigms: (1) the politics/administration dichotomy from 1900-1926, (2) principles of administration from 1927-1937, (3) public administration as political science from 1950-1970, (4) public administration as administrative science from 1956-1970, and (5) public administration as public administration from 1970 to the present. The fifth and emerging paradigm focused on policy science, political economy, and the public policy-making process, leading to increased enrollments in public administration programs and the institutionalization of public administration as its own academic field.
2. Paradigms of Public
Administration
An article by Nichilas Henry, University of
Georgia (published in 1975)
Presented By
AHM Masum Billah
Zannatul Ferdous
ASM Nazmul
Hasan
2
3. The Author –
Nicholas Henry
Publisher Published in Journal: Public
Administration Review, Vol:
35, No.: 04(Jul.-Aug., 1975),
pp.: 378-386
Published by Wiley on behalf
of the American Society for
Public Administration
3
4. Purpose of the Author
To present the development of Public
Administration in the academia.
To speculate of what the emerging paradigm
of public administration
To justify the development public
administration as a separate field
4
5. What is Public Administration
It is both a profession and discipline.
Difficult to define Public Administration.
There are different opinions on what is public
administration and it covers a wide range of
task.
Modern public administration comes from
American Public Administration.
In simple, it may be defined as the planning,
organizing, directing, coordinating, and
controlling of government operation
operations.5
6. What is Paradigm
Paradigm means a mental picture and pattern
of thought
It is usually presented as a model or pattern to
explain how things work.
It is accepted by an individual or a society i.e.
it has some followers .
Thomas Kuhn (1922-96) in his 1962 book ‘
The Structure Of Scientific Revolution' to refer
to theoretical framework.
6
7. Paradigms of Public
Administration
As an academic field, Public Administration
developed as four overlapping paradigms.
According to Robert T. Golembiewski, Each
paradigm can be understood in terms of locus or
focus.
Locus means institutional `where` and focus is
specialized `what` of the field. When one has been
sharply defined, the other is relatively ignored.
7
8. Paradigms …
Paradigm-1: Politics/Administration dichotomy
(1900-1926)
Paradigm-2: The Principles of Administration
(1927-1937)
Paradigm-3: Public Administration as Political
Science (1950-1970)
Paradigm-4: Public Administration as
Administrative Science (1956-1970)
Paradigm-5: Public Administration as Public
Administration (1970- presence)
8
9. Paradigm – 1 (1900 – 1926)
The Politics/Administration dichotomy.
Proponents: Frank J. Goodnow and D. White
Politics/ Administration Dichotomy
Concentration: Locus
PA is value-free science
9
10. Paradigm – 2 (1927 to 1937)
The Principles of Administration.
Proponents: F. W. Willoughby, Luther H. Gulick,
Lyndall Urwick
Doctrine: Principle is principle and
administration is administration.
Concentration: Focus.
Public Administrationist were in high demand
for their knowledge and expertise.
10
11. Paradigm – 3 (1950 to 1970)
Public Administration as political Science.
Paul Appleby, Waldo and other contributed to it.
Reestablishing the linkage between PA and
Political Science.
Writings of PA explored the idea of focus
Report of the committee on Political science of
America exclude PA from Political science
Political science journals published less
articles on public administration.
11
12. Paradigm – 4 (1956 to 1970)
Public Administration as Administrative Science.
Included organization theory and management
Science.
It provided a focus, not a locus.
The concept of Public interest and Public Affair
was added.
Didn’t give universal principles for organization
Created the public/private organization dilemma
It failed to understand the supra-value of the
public interest.
12
13. Paradigm – 5 (1970 to Present)
Public Administration as Public Administration.
The Term `Public Affairs` became popularized.
Concerned on
owhy and how organization work,
ohow and why people in them behave
ohow and why decisions are made
Public administrationists became increasingly
concerned on areas of -
opolicy science, political economy,
opublic policy-making process and its
analysis,13
14. Institutionalizing Paradigm – 5
Toward Curricular Autonomy.
Paradigmatic focus of organization theory and
management science
Presence of Paradigmatic locus of the public
interest
1970-1971 – Undergraduate enrollments in
public administration increased by 36 percent
1971-1972 – Graduate enrollments went up
50 percent based on figures provided by
NASPAA (National Association of Schools of
Public Affairs and Administration)14
15. Institutionalizing …
The percentage of separate schools of public
ad more than doubled from 12% in 1971 to
25% in 1972
Separate departments of public administration
accounted for 23% of the 101 graduate
programs surveyed in 1971-73.
In an 18-month period between 1970 and
1972, the number of units pertaining public
administration more than doubled to
approximately 300.
It is time for public administration to come into
its own as substantial progress has been in15
16. Conclusion
Author Discussed -
Four Broad Paradigms
One Emerging Paradigm
The way of Public Administration `Come
into its own`
Institutionalization of Public Administration.
16