common Global Environmental Health Issues

1. Topic:
common global environmental health issues

2. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this session the learners will able to
- Define Environment
- Discus components of Environmental
- Describe Environmental Issues in the global
- Discuss water pollution, air pollution
- Know about Source of air pollution and effects of air
- pollution
- Know about Environment health Issues in Pakistan
-Discuss about hospital waste management

3. Global Environmental Health Issues

4. ENVIRONMENT:
The term environment implies
all the external factors living
and nonliving, material and
non-material which surround
man.
In its modern concept,
environment includes not only
water, air and soil that form
our environment but also the
social and economic
conditions under we live.

6. Environment has been divided
into three components
1: Physical: Water, air, housing,
wastes, radiation, etc.
2: Biologic: Plant and animal life
including bacteria, viruses, insects,
rodents and animals
3: Social: Customs, cultures, habits,
income, occupation, religion etc.

7. Continue…..
The key to man’s health lies largely in his
environment. In fact, much of man’s ill
health can be traced to adverse
environmental factors such as water
pollution, soil pollution air pollution poor
housing, conditions, presence of animal
reservoirs and insects vectors of disease
which pose a constant threat to man’s
health.

9. Continue…..
Often man is responsible for pollution of
his environment through urbanization
industrialization and other human activities
The household, workplace, Outdoor and
transportation environments pose risks to
health in a number of different ways from
the poor quality of air that many people
breathe, to the hazards related to unsafe
water, poor sanitation and hygiene..

10. Continue..
It is estimated that 24% of
global disease burden and
23% of all deaths can be
attributed to environmental
factors and about 36% of
this burden affects children
from 0-14 years of age.

12. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN
GLOBAL:
Climate change — Global
warming • Global dimming • Fossil
fuels • Sea level rise.
Greenhouse gas
Nuclear issues — Nuclear power • Nuclear
weapons • Nuclear and radiation
accidents • Nuclear safety • High-level
radioactive waste management.

13. Continue..
Ozone depletion — CFC
Pollution — • Point source
pollution • Light pollution • Noise
pollution • Visual pollution
Water pollution — • Acid
rain • Thermal pollution • Urban
runoff • Water crisis • Ship
pollution •Wastewater • Fish kill
Air pollution

15. WATER POLLUTION
Pure uncontaminated water does not
occur in nature. It contains impurities of
various kind-natural and man-made.
 The natural impurities are essentially
dangerous. A more serious aspect of
water pollution is that caused by human
activity-urbanization and
industrialization

16. The source of pollution resulting from
these are:
Sewage: which contains decomposable organic
matter and pathogenic agents.
b) Industrial and trade wastes which contain
toxic agents raging from metal salts to complex
synthetic organic chemicals.
c) Agricultural pollutants, which comprise
fertilizers and pesticides. And
d) Physical pollutants via heat (thermal pollution)
and radioactive substances.

17. Water-related diseases:
The term water-related
diseases include the classical
water-borne disease.
Developing carry a heavy
burden of water-related
diseases the heaviest being the
diarrheal diseases.

18. AIR POLLUTION:
The term air pollution signifies the
presence in the surrounding
atmosphere of substances (e.g.
gases, mixtures, of gases and
particulate matter) generated by the
activities of man in concentration that
interfere with human health, safety or
comfort, or injurious to vegetation’s
and animals.

19. Continue…
The direct effects of air pollutants
on plants animals and soil can
influence the structure and
function of ecosystem.
Air pollution is one of the present-
day health problems throughout
the world.

21. Source of air pollution:
The main sources of air pollution
are
Automobiles: Motor vehicles are
major source of air pollution
Industries: industries emit large
amount of pollutants in
atmosphere.

23. Continue…
Domestic source: Domestic combustion if
coal, wood or soil is major source of
smoke, dust, sculpture dioxide and
nitrogen oxide.
Miscellaneous: These comprise burning
refuse inclinators, pesticides spraying,
natural sources (e.g. wind, borne dust,
fungi, molds, bacteria) and nuclear
energy programs.

25. EFFECTS OF AIR
POLLUTION:
 About 1.3 billion urban
residents worldwide are
exposed to air pollution
level above recommend
limits.

26. Air pollution can affects by two
ways:
Health Aspects:
The health effects of air pollution
are both immediate and delayed.
The immediate effects are borne
by the respiratory system; the
resulting state is acute bronchitis.

27. Continue….
If the air pollution is intense it may
result even in the immediate death
by suffocation.
The delayed effects most commonly
linked with air pollution are chronic
bronchitis, lung cancer, bronchial
asthma, emphysema, and
respiratory allergies.

28. Social and economic aspects:
These comprise destruction of plant
and animal life: corrosion of metals:
damage to buildings: cost of cleaning
and maintenance and repairs and
aesthetic nuisance.
Air pollution also reduces visibility in
towns. It can soil and damage
clothing.

30. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
ISSUES IN PAKISTAN
A number of serious environmental
problems are inherent in the country,
which are of great ecological concern in
terms of its sustainable economic future.
These include soil erosion, pesticide
misuse, deforestation, desertification,
urban pollution, waterlogging & salinity,
freshwater pollution and marine water
pollution.

31. Some environmental health issues are
following:
1. Drinking water quality, sanitation (including
solid waste,) and hygiene;
2. Air pollution (indoor and outdoor);
3. Healthcare waste and hazardous wastes
4. Chemicals and pesticides;
5. Environmental Heath Impact Assessment
(EHIA)
6. Environmental Health Aspects of
Emergencies and Disasters
7. Food Safety

32. HOSPITAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Health-care waste is a by-product of
health care services, generated in
diagnosis, treatment, prevention, or
research of human and animal disease.
This includes nonhazardous waste known
as domestic solid waste and hazardous
waste like sharps, no sharps, blood,
bloody parts, chemicals, pharmaceuticals,
medical devices and radioactive
materials.

33. Continue….
Most of the waste (75% to 90%)
being generated through
activities of health care providers
is general “non-risk” waste and
the remaining approximate 10%-
25% is considered “hazardous”
and may create variety of
health.risks.

34. Conclusion
The lack of proper and up-to-date
legislations, regulations and
appropriate standard for prevention
and control of environmental health
risks and hazards are considered as
a major obstacle for enforcement and
provision of environmental
safeguards.

35. Continue…
Furthermore, there is a strong need for
development of skilled professionals and
administrative manpower to properly
execute the monitoring and surveillance
role of the health sector in water quality
safety and protection, prevention of
health hazards emanating from poor
sanitation, improper solid wastes
management, poor food safety measures,
air pollution (including indoor) and
hazards from health care wastes and
other sources.

36. Continue…
There is a dire need to establish
environmental departments/units
at national, provincial and district
levels, as a first step for
advancing the environmental
health improvement action.

37. REFERENCES:
K.PARK Prventive and social medicine
textbook 27th edition (2007) Jabalpur
India.
www.google.com/enviromentissues
http://www.globalissues.org/issue/587/heal
th-issues.
www.google.com.pk/wikipedia/healthissue
sinpakistnan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_in
_Pakistan

38. Any Questions
By: Khizar

39. 39
By: KHIZER