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Merrill’s Four Principles of
      Instruction
The Activation
    of Prior
  Experience




                 Demonstration




                                 Application




                                               Integration
Activation of Prior
Experience
• The Learner must
   activate the prior
   knowledge or
   experience.
• This may be done
  by means of
  introducing a
  theme, or a short
  test or a discussion
  about the learner’s
  understanding of
  the pre-requisite
  knowledge.
Demonstration
• The Learner learns
  better when she is
  shown what is to be
  learnt rather than
  simple telling of
  information.
• For Example, a
  session on the Map
  reading should
  have a
  demonstration of
  various maps used
  to show location of
  places.
Application
• Here, the learner
  learns how to apply
  the content just
  learnt to solve
  problems.
• The sequencing of
  these problems
  should be such that
  the amount of help
  provided decreases.
• Also, the problems
  should be as varied
  as possible so that
  the instructor knows
  where the learner
  stands.
Integration
• Here, learners are
  encouraged to
  integrate(transfer)th
  e new skill or
  knowledge into their
  everyday life. For
  this, they need to
  reflect on, defend
  and share the new-
  found knowledge.

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Merrill’s four principles of instruction

  • 2. The Activation of Prior Experience Demonstration Application Integration
  • 3. Activation of Prior Experience • The Learner must activate the prior knowledge or experience. • This may be done by means of introducing a theme, or a short test or a discussion about the learner’s understanding of the pre-requisite knowledge.
  • 4. Demonstration • The Learner learns better when she is shown what is to be learnt rather than simple telling of information. • For Example, a session on the Map reading should have a demonstration of various maps used to show location of places.
  • 5. Application • Here, the learner learns how to apply the content just learnt to solve problems. • The sequencing of these problems should be such that the amount of help provided decreases. • Also, the problems should be as varied as possible so that the instructor knows where the learner stands.
  • 6. Integration • Here, learners are encouraged to integrate(transfer)th e new skill or knowledge into their everyday life. For this, they need to reflect on, defend and share the new- found knowledge.