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Personal Hygiene

            Mrs.Puvaneswari Ramesh
            Assoc. Professor
            NHCON
Contents
 Hygiene  and Elements
 Personal hygiene – Definition
 Care of
 Hair
 Skin and Face
 Teeth
 Ears
 Hands
 Nails and cuticles
 Feet
Hygiene
    From the Greek word
  “hygies”(Hygiea- Goddess of
            Health)

          Meaning
       “healthy, sound”
Hygiene – Common elements
 Personal hygiene
 Environmental hygiene




                               Environmental
            Personal hygiene
                                  hygiene
Personal hygiene - Definition
   Personal hygiene may be described as the
    principle of maintaining cleanliness and
    grooming of the external body.

                  Failure to keep up a standard
    of hygiene can have many implications.
    Not only is there an increased risk of
    getting an infection or illness, but there
    are many social and psychological aspects
    that can be affected.
What is Personal Hygiene?
Regular Routine of Personal Care
Washing and Grooming of
 Hair
 Face and Skin
 Teeth
 Ears
 Hands
 Nails
 Feet
Hair
 Hair is made of dead cells.
 Hair is important because it brings oil to
  the surface of the skin.
 Hair helps warm the body by trapping a
  layer of air next to the scalp.
Hair Care Tips
• Wash regularly with shampoo. Rinse hair
  thoroughly with clear water after
  shampooing to remove all the soap
• Don't scrub or rub too hard . It may
  irritate your scalp or damage your hair.
 Massage  your scalp well. It will remove
  dead skin cells, excess oil and dirt
 Brush hair daily
 Wash combs and brushes frequently
 Don’t share combs, brushes etc.
Why Brush Your Hair?
 Brushing  helps keep the scalp clean by
  loosening and removing dust and dead
  cells.
 It also adds shine
Hair & Scalp problems
 Dandruff
 Head   lice
 Splitting and breaking
Dandruff
   A flaking of the outer layer of dead skin
    cells on the scalp. This condition is
    usually caused by dry skin. There is no
    cure for dandruff, but it can be controlled
    with special shampoos.
Head Lice
 Parasiticinsects that live on the hair shaft
  and cause itching.
 Lice can’t fly or jump from person to
  person, but they are easy to catch from
  other people.
Avoiding and Treating Head Lice
Don’t share:
 Combs, brushes, hats ,barrettes or other
  hair things, headphones
 Use special shampoo and wash your hair
  immediately.
 Any linens and clothes you have used
  should be washed in hot water or
   dry-cleaned.
Splitting & Breaking
 Too  much heat can cause the layered cells
  of your hair to split apart and even break off.
 Wind, chlorine, chemical treatments, and
  permanent hair dye can weaken hair in the
  same way.
 If you put your hair in a ponytail , use a
  coated rubber band or soft cloth hair band.
 Noncushioned or uncovered elastic bands
  can cause severe breakage.
Skin
 The human skin is the outer covering of
  the body.
       Functions of Skin
 Protection.
 Vitamin D formation
 Temperature control
 Sensation
 Water resistance
 Control of evaporation
 Excretion
 Absorption
Three layers of skin
 Epidermis-  Outer most layer of skin.
  Cells in the epidermis make melanin
 Dermis-Inner layer of skin which contains
  blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles,
  sweat glands, and oil glands
 Layer of fat cells
Common Skin problems

   Bad odor




    Acne
Body odor

        Perspiration itself doesn’t smell.
 However, during sweating, another liquid
 called apocrine is also secreted. When
 apocrine combines with the bacteria
 naturally present on the skin, odor
 results
       Bad odor is Caused by
 Poor hygiene
 Foods such as onions and garlic
Acne
        Acne is created when oil from the
oil glands mix with the dead cells and plug
up the hair follicles in the skin it creates a
“whitehead.”
A “blackhead” is when the air touches
the plug, the plug turns black
What makes acne worse?

 Oil-based makeup, suntan oil, hair jells
  and spray.
 For girls, menstruation
 For Boys it may get worse because they
  have more skin oil.
 Squeezing or picking at blemishes
 Hard scrubbing of the skin
   Daily baths or showers using soap and scrubbing the entire body with a
    washcloth Do not need to scrub violently.
   The use antiperspirants decreases perspiration and cover odor with a
    manly smell
   Wash the face two times a day with a mild soap or gentle cleanser. It is best to
   Use lotions only if needed, and use ones that are oil-free and water-based.
    
     Try to stay out of the sun, and use a sunscreen every day during summer and
    winter.
Skin Care Tips
 Bathe    or shower regularly using soap
   Do not scrub violently
 If possible, bathe or shower after
  exercise – especially after sweating
 Use antiperspirants decreases
  perspiration and cover odor with a manly
  smell
 Wear clean clothes
 Reduce stress levels which
    irritates the skin
 Maintain a healthy diet
Skin Care Tips

 Wash  your face 2 times a day.
 Avoid washing too often, as the skin will
  become irritated and dry out.
 Keep oily hair away from your skin
 Avoid touching acne except when
  washing
 Don’t squeeze or pick the pimples
 Try to avoid touching the face.
  Keep hands clean by washing them often.
Protect yourself from the sun
 Wear   sunscreen and reapply it every
  hour.
 Wear a hat, T-shirt, and sunglasses.
 Drink plenty of fluids.
 Protect yourself from UV Rays
Teeth
Healthy teeth and gums enable
 you to:
 Chew  food thoroughly
 Speak clearly
 Give shape and structure to your mouth
Structure of teeth
Enamel (top)
  The hard material on the outer surface
 of the tooth.
Dentin (middle)
  Below the enamel – the bonelike
 material that surrounds the sensitive
 inner parts of the tooth.
Pulp (inside)
  Tissue that contains nerve endings and
 blood vessels.
Dental problems
  Dental problems are caused by the
 activity of certain types of oral bacteria
Other causes:
Tongue not cleaned
Food stuck in teeth
Sinus problems
Stomach problems
Dental Problems
 Halitosis
 Tooth decay
 Plaque
 Tartar
 Periodontal Disease
How to avoid Dental problems-
  Brushing & Flossing
 Daily  dental hygiene routine that consist
  of brushing for 2-4 minutes and flossing
 I f possible, brush after every meal or
  rinse your mouth with warm water.
 Use a soft-bristled brush.
Brushing & Flossing
 Replace  your toothbrush every 2-3
  months or after an illness.
 Use toothpaste that contains fluoride.
 Flossing removes food trapped between
  your teeth and gum lines that rinsing and
  brushing miss.

                          FLOSSING
Dental care
 Eat at least 5 servings of fruits and
  vegetables each day.
 Include foods that contain calcium, such
  as milk and yogurt.
 Limit intake of sugar.
 See a dentist every 6 months
Ears
 Wash ears daily with a wash cloth
  don’t forget behind the ears
 Do not use Q tips in ears it will smash
  the ear wax deep into the ear canal
   Usually Ear wax is usually removed
  when you chew food or gum
Hands
HAND HYGIENE
 First, wet hands and apply liquid or clean
  bar of soap. 
 Next, rub your hands together and scrub
  all surfaces (palms, fingers, and in between).
 Continue for 10-15 seconds.  Soap
  combined with the scrubbing action that
  helps remove germs.
 Rinse well and dry your hands.
Nails and cuticles
         The part of the nail that can be
  seen and touched is composed of dead
  cells. Thin skin-like layer at the base of
  each nail is called cuticle .A non-living
  band of tissue.
 Nails protect the sensitive tip of our
  fingers and toes.
 Without proper care they can become
  weak, ingrown or infected.
Nail Care
 Keep nails trim but do not cut nails
  shorter than skin level.
 Keep nails clean.
 Round your fingernails slightly when
  trimming them.
 Cut toe nails straight across.
 Smooth rough nail edges with a file or
  emery board.
Cuticles Care
 Clean   and soften your hands in warm
  water.
 To keep your cuticles neat, push them
  back after soaking your hands, while they
  are soft.
 You may also use cuticle remover , a
  chemical that dissolves the cuticle
Feet Care
    Large collection of sweat glands live in
  our feet
 Wash your feet well at least once a day.
 Dry them carefully, especially between
  the toes.
 Keep feet and skin clean and dry
 Change socks daily
 Avoid walking barefoot in public areas
Make Hygiene part of your
daily routine
Personal hygiene

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Personal hygiene

  • 1. Personal Hygiene Mrs.Puvaneswari Ramesh Assoc. Professor NHCON
  • 2. Contents  Hygiene and Elements  Personal hygiene – Definition  Care of  Hair  Skin and Face  Teeth  Ears  Hands  Nails and cuticles  Feet
  • 3. Hygiene From the Greek word “hygies”(Hygiea- Goddess of Health) Meaning “healthy, sound”
  • 4. Hygiene – Common elements  Personal hygiene  Environmental hygiene Environmental Personal hygiene hygiene
  • 5. Personal hygiene - Definition  Personal hygiene may be described as the principle of maintaining cleanliness and grooming of the external body. Failure to keep up a standard of hygiene can have many implications. Not only is there an increased risk of getting an infection or illness, but there are many social and psychological aspects that can be affected.
  • 6. What is Personal Hygiene? Regular Routine of Personal Care Washing and Grooming of  Hair  Face and Skin  Teeth  Ears  Hands  Nails  Feet
  • 7. Hair  Hair is made of dead cells.  Hair is important because it brings oil to the surface of the skin.  Hair helps warm the body by trapping a layer of air next to the scalp.
  • 8. Hair Care Tips • Wash regularly with shampoo. Rinse hair thoroughly with clear water after shampooing to remove all the soap • Don't scrub or rub too hard . It may irritate your scalp or damage your hair.
  • 9.  Massage your scalp well. It will remove dead skin cells, excess oil and dirt  Brush hair daily  Wash combs and brushes frequently  Don’t share combs, brushes etc.
  • 10. Why Brush Your Hair?  Brushing helps keep the scalp clean by loosening and removing dust and dead cells.  It also adds shine
  • 11. Hair & Scalp problems  Dandruff  Head lice  Splitting and breaking
  • 12. Dandruff  A flaking of the outer layer of dead skin cells on the scalp. This condition is usually caused by dry skin. There is no cure for dandruff, but it can be controlled with special shampoos.
  • 13. Head Lice  Parasiticinsects that live on the hair shaft and cause itching.  Lice can’t fly or jump from person to person, but they are easy to catch from other people.
  • 14. Avoiding and Treating Head Lice Don’t share:  Combs, brushes, hats ,barrettes or other hair things, headphones  Use special shampoo and wash your hair immediately.  Any linens and clothes you have used should be washed in hot water or dry-cleaned.
  • 15. Splitting & Breaking  Too much heat can cause the layered cells of your hair to split apart and even break off.  Wind, chlorine, chemical treatments, and permanent hair dye can weaken hair in the same way.  If you put your hair in a ponytail , use a coated rubber band or soft cloth hair band.  Noncushioned or uncovered elastic bands can cause severe breakage.
  • 16. Skin The human skin is the outer covering of the body. Functions of Skin  Protection.  Vitamin D formation  Temperature control  Sensation  Water resistance  Control of evaporation  Excretion  Absorption
  • 17. Three layers of skin  Epidermis- Outer most layer of skin. Cells in the epidermis make melanin  Dermis-Inner layer of skin which contains blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, sweat glands, and oil glands  Layer of fat cells
  • 18. Common Skin problems  Bad odor  Acne
  • 19. Body odor Perspiration itself doesn’t smell. However, during sweating, another liquid called apocrine is also secreted. When apocrine combines with the bacteria naturally present on the skin, odor results Bad odor is Caused by  Poor hygiene  Foods such as onions and garlic
  • 20. Acne Acne is created when oil from the oil glands mix with the dead cells and plug up the hair follicles in the skin it creates a “whitehead.” A “blackhead” is when the air touches the plug, the plug turns black
  • 21. What makes acne worse?  Oil-based makeup, suntan oil, hair jells and spray.  For girls, menstruation  For Boys it may get worse because they have more skin oil.  Squeezing or picking at blemishes  Hard scrubbing of the skin
  • 22. Daily baths or showers using soap and scrubbing the entire body with a washcloth Do not need to scrub violently.  The use antiperspirants decreases perspiration and cover odor with a manly smell  Wash the face two times a day with a mild soap or gentle cleanser. It is best to  Use lotions only if needed, and use ones that are oil-free and water-based.       Try to stay out of the sun, and use a sunscreen every day during summer and winter.
  • 23. Skin Care Tips  Bathe or shower regularly using soap Do not scrub violently  If possible, bathe or shower after exercise – especially after sweating  Use antiperspirants decreases perspiration and cover odor with a manly smell  Wear clean clothes  Reduce stress levels which irritates the skin  Maintain a healthy diet
  • 24. Skin Care Tips  Wash your face 2 times a day.  Avoid washing too often, as the skin will become irritated and dry out.  Keep oily hair away from your skin  Avoid touching acne except when washing  Don’t squeeze or pick the pimples  Try to avoid touching the face.   Keep hands clean by washing them often.
  • 25. Protect yourself from the sun  Wear sunscreen and reapply it every hour.  Wear a hat, T-shirt, and sunglasses.  Drink plenty of fluids.  Protect yourself from UV Rays
  • 26. Teeth Healthy teeth and gums enable you to:  Chew food thoroughly  Speak clearly  Give shape and structure to your mouth
  • 27. Structure of teeth Enamel (top) The hard material on the outer surface of the tooth. Dentin (middle) Below the enamel – the bonelike material that surrounds the sensitive inner parts of the tooth. Pulp (inside) Tissue that contains nerve endings and blood vessels.
  • 28. Dental problems Dental problems are caused by the activity of certain types of oral bacteria Other causes: Tongue not cleaned Food stuck in teeth Sinus problems Stomach problems
  • 29. Dental Problems  Halitosis  Tooth decay  Plaque  Tartar  Periodontal Disease
  • 30. How to avoid Dental problems- Brushing & Flossing  Daily dental hygiene routine that consist of brushing for 2-4 minutes and flossing  I f possible, brush after every meal or rinse your mouth with warm water.  Use a soft-bristled brush.
  • 31. Brushing & Flossing  Replace your toothbrush every 2-3 months or after an illness.  Use toothpaste that contains fluoride.  Flossing removes food trapped between your teeth and gum lines that rinsing and brushing miss. FLOSSING
  • 32. Dental care  Eat at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables each day.  Include foods that contain calcium, such as milk and yogurt.  Limit intake of sugar.  See a dentist every 6 months
  • 33. Ears  Wash ears daily with a wash cloth don’t forget behind the ears  Do not use Q tips in ears it will smash the ear wax deep into the ear canal Usually Ear wax is usually removed when you chew food or gum
  • 34. Hands
  • 35. HAND HYGIENE  First, wet hands and apply liquid or clean bar of soap.   Next, rub your hands together and scrub all surfaces (palms, fingers, and in between).  Continue for 10-15 seconds.  Soap combined with the scrubbing action that helps remove germs.  Rinse well and dry your hands.
  • 36. Nails and cuticles The part of the nail that can be seen and touched is composed of dead cells. Thin skin-like layer at the base of each nail is called cuticle .A non-living band of tissue.  Nails protect the sensitive tip of our fingers and toes.  Without proper care they can become weak, ingrown or infected.
  • 37. Nail Care  Keep nails trim but do not cut nails shorter than skin level.  Keep nails clean.  Round your fingernails slightly when trimming them.  Cut toe nails straight across.  Smooth rough nail edges with a file or emery board.
  • 38. Cuticles Care  Clean and soften your hands in warm water.  To keep your cuticles neat, push them back after soaking your hands, while they are soft.  You may also use cuticle remover , a chemical that dissolves the cuticle
  • 39. Feet Care Large collection of sweat glands live in our feet  Wash your feet well at least once a day.  Dry them carefully, especially between the toes.  Keep feet and skin clean and dry  Change socks daily  Avoid walking barefoot in public areas
  • 40. Make Hygiene part of your daily routine